{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:44:53Z","timestamp":1778546693737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric optic neuritis (PON) may be a clinically isolated and self-limiting event or may present in the context of underlying neurologic, infective, or systemic disease. PON has a high impact on the quality of life as it may or may not evolve into other acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or other syndromes related to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG antibodies (MOG-IgG). These different PON phenotypes present variable clinical and radiological features, plasma and liquor biomarkers, and prognosis. We describe four pediatric cases presenting clinically with ON, with different etiopathogenetic pictures: one case had a probable infective etiology, while the others were associated with different demyelinating disorders (MS, NMO, syndrome related to MOG-IgG). We discuss the possible evolution of presenting ON in other ADSs, based on recent literature. A careful evaluation of the clinical and investigation findings and the natural course of PON is necessary to define its pathogenic pathway and evolution. Further prolonged follow-up studies are needed to highlight the predictors of PON evolution, its potential sequelae, and the best treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1632707987000},"page":"855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pediatric Optic Neuritis: Description of Four Cases and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8569-1976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Presicci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Sense Organs and Locomotor System, University Hospital \u201cPoliclinico\u201d, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariaclara","family":"Achille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0849-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvita","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9203-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Margari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2017.04.004","article-title":"Pediatric Optic Neuritis","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. 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