{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:41:35Z","timestamp":1793392895188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5*1000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5*1000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministero della Salute: Ricerca Corrente","award":["RC 2763771, 2.21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC 2763771, 2.21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to further validate the self-reported version of the Proposed Specifiers Conduct Disorder (PSCD) scale, testing the associations between the PSCD with a scale that measures emotional\/behavioral difficulties and prosocial behaviors (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). A total of 536 Italian students (47.76% male; 11\u201314 years) completed the PSCD, while their caregivers and teachers completed the SDQ. A series of confirmatory factor analyses to test the best fitting model were run. The internal consistency of the PSCD was evaluated, and the correlations between the PSCD self-reported scores and SDQ Parent and Teacher report scores were examined. A bi-factor model was fitted with a refined 19-item version of the scale, which showed adequate fit indices. The PSCD total score was strongly associated with higher parent- and teacher-rated conduct problems, hyperactivity, and lower prosocial behavioral symptoms. In conclusion, this study indicated that the self-report PSCD shows preliminary promise as a reliable, easy-to-use tool, for measuring psychopathic traits in Italian children and young adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8111020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T20:41:14Z","timestamp":1636317674000},"page":"1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Validation of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale in a Sample of Italian Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Muratori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Buonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Psicoterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gallani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialized Centre for Learning Disabilities, Uonpia Ausl, 40127 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Psicoterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Levantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Milone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5704-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Pisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall T.","family":"Salekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Sesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalaura","family":"Nocentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hare, R. (2003). Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist, Multi-Health Systems. 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