{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:31Z","timestamp":1787027851769,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus, and CMV-associated diseases range from mild illness in immunologically normal hosts to life-threatening diseases in newborns and immunocompromised children. This study investigated the association between childhood CMV infection and subsequent epilepsy or neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A retrospective analysis was performed on data for 69 children with confirmed CMV infections (CMV infection group) and 292 patients with other infections (control group) between 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012. The results indicated that the CMV infection group had a higher risk of epilepsy in comparison to the control (odds ratio (OR), 16.4; 95% CI (confidence interval), 3.32\u201380.7; p = 0.001). Epilepsy risk increased in younger children (age 0\u20132) with CMV infection when compared to the control group (OR, 32.6; 95% CI, 3.84\u2013276; p = 0.001). The ASD risk was also determined to be higher in the CMV infection group (OR, 17.9; 95% CI, 1.96\u2013162; p = 0.01). The ADHD risk between the groups was not significant. This study suggests that CMV infection in infancy may increase the risk of subsequent epilepsy and ASD, especially in infants younger than 2 years, but is not associated with ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8111040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1636671761000},"page":"1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cytomegalovirus Infection in Infancy May Increase the Risk of Subsequent Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9278-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.-Ching","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inn-Chi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, and Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syuan-Yu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cherry, J.D., Harrison, G.J., Kaplan, S.L., Steinbach, W.J., and Hotez, P.J. 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