{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:45:42Z","timestamp":1792701942819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSIT; 2021R1F1A1063568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSIT; 2021R1F1A1063568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodiagnostic investigation requirements are expanding for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in children, especially in those with developmental delay\/intellectual disability (DD\/ID). Thus, determination of optimal sedatives to achieve successful sedation and immobility without further neurological compromise is important in children with DD\/ID. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and adverse reactions of chloral hydrate (CH) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (B-MRI) in children with DD\/ID compared to those with normal intelligence (NI). We performed a retrospective chart review of children aged from 1 day to 12 years who required elective sedation using CH for B-MRI. About 730 cases (415 with DD\/ID and 315 with NI) of CH sedation were conducted for B-MRI. Children with DD\/ID showed a higher failure rate (22%) than did those with NI (6%); additional CH and prolonged sedation time were required. There was no difference in incidence of adverse reactions between DD\/ID and NI groups (p = 0.338). Older or heavier children with DD\/ID (p = 0.036 and p = 0.013, respectively), as well as those diagnosed with epilepsy or neuropsychiatric disorders showed higher risk of sedation failure (p &lt; 0.001 for each). In conclusion, CH was a suboptimal sedative drug for children with DD\/ID compared with those with NI. Other alternative or supplementary sedatives should be taken into consideration especially for those vulnerable groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T22:50:45Z","timestamp":1638226245000},"page":"1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effectiveness of Chloral Hydrate on Brain MRI in Children with Developmental Delay\/Intellectual Disability Comparing with Normal Intelligence: Single Tertiary Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ja Un","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4174-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.182436","article-title":"Assessment and investigation of the child with disordered development","volume":"96","author":"Horridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/8\/12\/1097\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:37:12Z","timestamp":1760168232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/8\/12\/1097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["children8121097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8121097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]}}}