{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:11:03Z","timestamp":1789607463912,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deferasirox is a first-line therapy for iron overload that can sometimes cause kidney damage. To better define the pattern of tubular damage, a systematic literature review was conducted on the United States National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases. Twenty-three reports describing 57 individual cases could be included. The majority (n = 35) of the 57 patients were \u226418 years of age and affected by thalassemia (n = 46). Abnormal urinary findings were noted in 54, electrolyte or acid\u2013base abnormalities in 46, and acute kidney injury in 9 patients. Latent tubular damage was diagnosed in 11 (19%), overt kidney tubular damage in 37 (65%), and an acute kidney injury in the remaining nine (16%) patients. Out of the 117 acid\u2013base and electrolyte disorders reported in 48 patients, normal-gap metabolic acidosis and hypophosphatemia were the most frequent. Further abnormalities were, in decreasing order of frequency, hypokalemia, hypouricemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia. Out of the 81 abnormal urinary findings, renal glucosuria was the most frequent, followed by tubular proteinuria, total proteinuria, and aminoaciduria. In conclusion, a proximal tubulopathy pattern may be observed on treatment with deferasirox. Since deferasirox-associated kidney damage is dose-dependent, physicians should prescribe the lowest efficacious dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Kidney Tubular Damage Secondary to Deferasirox: Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2566-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Scoglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Domenica","family":"Cappellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario G.","family":"Bianchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano A. G.","family":"Lava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Heart Failure and Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Agostoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3829-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio P.","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(08)70007-9","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of deferasirox","volume":"22","author":"Cappellini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.041807.123243","article-title":"Oral Iron Chelators","volume":"60","author":"Cappellini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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