{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:44:46Z","timestamp":1760402686359,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The congenital tarsal kink syndrome is a rare form of congenital upper eyelid entropion associated with cardiovascular, musculoskeletal or central nervous system disorders. This syndrome must be recognized and surgically treated as a perinatal emergency to avoid associated complications\u2014corneal ulcer, corneal leucoma, secondary amblyopia and decreased vision among children. Methods: A literature review was conducted to clarify the diagnosis particularities and the corrective surgery options of the congenital entropion on the upper eyelid. Results: Four relevant studies were found by researching the Web of Science and PubMed databases up to November 2021 for \u201ccongenital tarsal kink syndrome\u201d and \u201ccongenital upper eyelid entropion\u201d. Conclusions: In this paper, we present a case of congenital unilateral entropion of the upper left eyelid in the context of a tarsal kink syndrome in a one-month old infant, manifested by the absence of eyelashes on the upper eyelid of the left eye, hyperlacrimation and conjunctival hyperemia. Essential in managing the upper eyelid entropion is protecting the cornea. Furthermore, correcting a tarsal kink is eminently surgical, choosing between open or closed procedures. Herein, we address the difficulty in the timely diagnosis of this uncommon condition and make formal recommendations based on all reported cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T22:51:50Z","timestamp":1641250310000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Congenital Tarsal Kink Syndrome: Literature Review and Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Speran\u021ba","family":"Schmitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency Clinical Eye Hospital, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorin-Dorin","family":"Haidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency Clinical Eye Hospital, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Claudia","family":"Popteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency Clinical Eye Hospital, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Angela","family":"Simionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.11.016","article-title":"A simple correction for congenital tarsal kink associated with distichiasis","volume":"10","author":"Aziz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. AAPOS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.12.001","article-title":"Congenital horizontal tarsal kink: A single-center experience with 6 cases","volume":"114","author":"Naik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.3.204","article-title":"Congenital horizontal tarsal kink: A simple surgical correction","volume":"71","author":"Price","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003517","article-title":"Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome with Bilateral Tarsal Kink: Three Sutures for Correction","volume":"28","author":"Batur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2016.08.006","article-title":"Bedside repair of congenital upper eyelid entropion: A variation of the Quickert suture technique","volume":"4","author":"Warner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20111201-06","article-title":"The surgical treatment of congenital tarsal kink syndrome associated with corneal ulcer","volume":"42","author":"Yuksel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. 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Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000087028.56200.45","article-title":"Trisomy 13: A rare case of congenital tarsal kink","volume":"19","author":"Lucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318257f44a","article-title":"Modified Temporary Eyelid Margin Suture for Correction of Congenital Horizontal Tarsal Kink. A Novel Surgical Technique","volume":"28","author":"Demirel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.176","article-title":"Congenital tarsal kink: A rare cause of neonatal corneal ulcers","volume":"8","author":"McElvanney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W.P. (2001). Oculoplastic Surgery: The Essentials, Thieme.","DOI":"10.1055\/b-002-41864"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1832","article-title":"Eye pathologies in neonates","volume":"9","author":"Mansoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. 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