{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:41:51Z","timestamp":1760402511165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy is used to control puberty progression and it preserves height potential in patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). This study evaluated the correlation between weight and height gain at menarche following GnRHa treatment among girls with ICPP and relatively central early puberty (EP). We investigated height\/weight trends and changes in height from diagnosis to menarche in girls with ICPP and EP treated with GnRHa. The mean difference in height (\u0394height) from treatment cessation to menarche was 9.79 \u00b1 3.53 cm. Girls were divided into girls with \u0394height \u2265 9.79 cm (Group 1) and girls with \u0394height &lt; 9.79 cm (Group 2). Although near adult height was significantly higher in Group 1, the mean body mass index (BMI) and weight were significantly lower at diagnosis, treatment discontinuation, and menarche. The BMI and weight at the three time points were negatively correlated with height. Girls with higher BMI at all three time points had slower growth rates during the study period. Considering that BMI and body weight were closely related to \u0394height, proper management of BMI and body weight of girls receiving early puberty treatment might contribute to growth during and after GnRHa treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9010110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1642163644000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Can Body Mass Index Affect Height Growth at Menarche among Girls Receiving Treatment for Early Puberty? A Retrospective Study in Korean Girls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sun-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si 54907, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000336325","article-title":"Recent Secular Trends in Pubertal Timing: Implications for Evaluation and Diagnosis of Precocious Puberty","volume":"77","author":"Mouritsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.05.008","article-title":"Central Precocious Puberty: From Genetics to Treatment","volume":"32","author":"Aguirre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0022-x","article-title":"Increasing Incidence of Premature Thelarche in the Central Region of Denmark-Challenges in Differentiating Girls Less Than 7 Years of Age with Premature Thelarche from Girls with Precocious Puberty in Real-Life Practice","volume":"2016","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0060","article-title":"Treatment with Depot Leuprolide Acetate in Girls with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty: What Parameter Should Be Used in Deciding on the Initial Dose?","volume":"12","author":"Ozon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/31433","article-title":"The Influence of GnRH Analog Therapy on Growth in Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"25","author":"Wikiera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2183","article-title":"Factors Determining Normal Adult Height in Girls with Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty Treated with Depot Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs","volume":"93","author":"Brito","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0136","article-title":"Near Final Adult Height, and Body Mass Index in Overweight\/Obese and Normal-Weight Children with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty and Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs","volume":"32","author":"Sinthuprasith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"370","article-title":"Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition Before and During Treatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Children with Central Precocious and Early Puberty","volume":"83","author":"Boot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.1.5409","article-title":"Reproductive Axis After Discontinuation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment of Girls with Precocious Puberty: Long Term Follow-Up Comparing Girls with Hypothalamic Hamartoma to Those with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty","volume":"84","author":"Feuillan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.S1.791","article-title":"Precocious Puberty and Body Composition: Effects of GnRH Analog Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Chiumello","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01975","article-title":"Outcome After Depot Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty: Effects on Body Mass Index and Final Height","volume":"153","author":"Traggiai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1159\/000197862","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Triptorelin Depot for Central Precocious Puberty: Data at near Final Height","volume":"89","author":"Chiocca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"27","article-title":"The Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment (Leuprolide) on Body Fat Distribution in Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"53","author":"Bilir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.131770","article-title":"Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy on Body Mass Index and Growth in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"4480","article-title":"Is Obesity an Outcome of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration? Analysis of Growth and Body Composition in 110 Patients with Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"84","author":"Palmert","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4583","article-title":"Long-Term Outcome After Depot Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty: Final Height, Body Proportions, Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density, and Reproductive Function","volume":"84","author":"Heger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8481","article-title":"Gonadotropin-Suppressive Therapy in Girls with Early and Fast Puberty Affects the Pace of Puberty but Not Total Pubertal Growth or Final Height","volume":"87","author":"Lazar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"7","article-title":"Influence of GnRH Analog Therapy on Body Mass in Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"15","author":"Barg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000320039","article-title":"Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Children with Central Precocious Puberty and Early Puberty Before and After One Year of Treatment with GnRH Agonist","volume":"75","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"e23085","article-title":"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy and Obesity in Girls","volume":"13","author":"Arani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0033-7","article-title":"Body Mass Index in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty During and After Treatment with GnRH Analogues","volume":"2016","author":"Arcari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8202","article-title":"Longitudinal Follow-Up of Bone Density and Body Composition in Children with Precocious or Early Puberty Before, During and After Cessation of GnRH Agonist Therapy","volume":"87","author":"Boot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500533","article-title":"Reduction of Baseline Body Mass Index Under Gonadotropin-Suppressive Therapy in Girls with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty","volume":"150","author":"Arrigo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.507289","article-title":"Adult Height, Body Mass Index and Time of Menarche of Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty After Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Treatment","volume":"27","author":"Poomthavorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000346145","article-title":"Treatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues: Different Impact on Body Weight in Normal-Weight and Overweight Children","volume":"78","author":"Wolters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2012.48.1.27","article-title":"Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy on Body Mass Index and Height in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chonnam Med. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2014-5","article-title":"Higher Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight Without an Adverse Metabolic Profile in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty Compared to Girls with Early Puberty, Regardless of GnRH Analogue Treatment","volume":"2014","author":"Colmenares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(06)08","article-title":"Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty Before and After Treatment with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist","volume":"67","author":"Alessandri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0793","article-title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment in Childhood and Adolescence: A Single Center, Long-Term Follow-Up Study","volume":"95","author":"Magiakou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.v1i4.3","article-title":"Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty: Definition, Etiology, Diagnosis and Current Management","volume":"1","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2015.58.1.1","article-title":"Long-Term Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0590","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Long-Term Outcomes of the Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"174","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0214","article-title":"Long-Term Effects of GnRH Agonist Treatment on Body Mass Index in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"33","author":"Vuralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.61.5.135","article-title":"The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for Children and Adolescents: Development, Improvement, and Prospects","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4155.949","article-title":"Menstrual Cycles: Fatness as a Determinant of Minimum Weight for Height Necessary for Their Maintenance or Onset","volume":"185","author":"Frisch","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01518.x","article-title":"Effects of In Vivo and In Vitro Administration of Ghrelin, Leptin and Neuropeptide Mediators on Pulsatile Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Secretion from Male Rat Hypothalamus Before and After Puberty","volume":"19","author":"Lebrethon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000537","article-title":"Pubertal Development: What\u2019s Normal\/What\u2019s Not","volume":"63","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"537","article-title":"Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche","volume":"146","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4528","article-title":"Hormone Changes in Peripubertal Girls","volume":"99","author":"Biro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02758267","article-title":"Growth in Precocious Puberty","volume":"73","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0627-9","article-title":"The Mystery of Puberty Initiation: Genetics and Epigenetics of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty (ICPP)","volume":"40","author":"Chrousos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.12.015","article-title":"Clinical Use of Deslorelin Implants for the Long-Term Contraception in Prepubertal Bitches: Effects on Epiphyseal Closure, Body Development, and Time to Puberty","volume":"83","author":"Kaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2009.39.3.159","article-title":"Menarcheal Timing and Growth Curve Shape During the Adolescent Growth Spurt","volume":"39","author":"Ahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.172.3.182","article-title":"Myths and Variations in Normal Pubertal Development","volume":"172","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2013.18.2.60","article-title":"Age at menarche in the Korean female: Secular trends and relationship to adulthood body mass index","volume":"18","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shim, Y.S., Lim, K.I., Lee, H.S., and Hwang, J.S. (2020). Long-Term Outcomes After Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Boys with Central Precocious Puberty. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243212"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.S1.747","article-title":"Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty: Lessons from a 15 Years Prospective Trial. German Decapeptyl Study Group","volume":"13","author":"Partsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"33","article-title":"A Critical Appraisal of the Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon Analog Treatment on Adult Height of Girls with Central Precocious Puberty","volume":"9","author":"Bereket","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.S1.765","article-title":"Final Height After Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty: The Dutch Experience","volume":"13","author":"Mul","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1410140","article-title":"Analysis of the factors affecting auxological response to GnRH agonist treatment and final height outcome in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty","volume":"141","author":"Arrigo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22592","article-title":"Association of BMI with Linear Growth and Pubertal Development","volume":"27","author":"Aris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.253","article-title":"Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood","volume":"81","author":"Holmgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy201","article-title":"Childhood BMI Is Inversely Associated with Pubertal Timing in Normal-Weight but Not Overweight Boys","volume":"108","author":"Bygdell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giabicani, E., Allali, S., Durand, A., Sommet, J., Couto-Silva, A.C., and Brauner, R. (2013). Presentation of 493 Consecutive Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty: A Single-Center Study. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070931"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/1\/110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:39:48Z","timestamp":1760362788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/1\/110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["children9010110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9010110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]}}}