{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1784310900525,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare two standardized protocols for radiological follow-up (in-brace versus out-of-brace radiographs) to study the rate of curve progression over time in surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients after failed brace treatment. In-brace radiographs have the advantage that proper fit of the brace and in-brace correction can be evaluated. However, detection of progression might theoretically be more difficult. Fifty-one IS patients that underwent surgical treatment after failed brace treatment were included. For 25 patients, follow-up radiographs were taken in-brace. For the other 26 patients, brace treatment was temporarily stopped before out-of-brace follow-up radiographs were taken. Both groups showed significant curve progression compared to baseline after a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. The protocol with in-brace radiographs was noninferior regarding curve progression rate over time. The estimated monthly Cobb angle progression based on the mixed-effect model was 0.5 degrees in both groups. No interaction effect was found for time, and patients\u2019 baseline Cobb angle (p = 0.98), and for time and patients\u2019 initial in-brace correction (p = 0.32). The results of this study indicate that with both in-brace and out-of-brace protocols for radiographic follow-up, a similar rate of curve progression can be expected over time in IS patients with failed brace treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1648222281000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In-Brace versus Out-of-Brace Protocol for Radiographic Follow-Up of Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Charles M. M.","family":"Peeters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6251-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur J.","family":"van Hasselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits-Hein","family":"Wapstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6022-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulus C.","family":"Jutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik H. R.","family":"Kempen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, OLVG Hospital, 1061 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Maria, F., Vescio, A., Caldaci, A., Vancheri, A., Di Maria, C., Sapienza, M., Testa, G., and Pavone, V. (2021). Immediate Effects of Sforzesco((R)) Bracing on Respiratory Function in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9101372"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337","article-title":"Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"369","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth","volume":"13","author":"Negrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busscher, I., Wapstra, F.H., and Veldhuizen, A.G. (2010). Predicting growth and curve progression in the individual patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Design of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-93"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-3-6","article-title":"Surgical treatment of scoliosis: A review of techniques currently applied","volume":"3","author":"Maruyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-015-0028-9","article-title":"Surgical management of moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with ApiFix(R): A short peri- apical fixation followed by post-operative curve reduction with exercises","volume":"10","author":"Floman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01142","article-title":"Brace wear control of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"92","author":"Katz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2016.09.004","article-title":"Motivations for Compliance with Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Brigham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3674-3","article-title":"Factors relating to curve progression in female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with a brace","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198610000-00009","article-title":"The Boston bracing system for idiopathic scoliosis. Follow-up results in 295 patients","volume":"11","author":"Emans","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis","volume":"83","author":"Lenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg Am."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000161097.61586.bb","article-title":"The association between brace compliance and outcome for patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"25","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-05870-6","article-title":"Predictive factors for brace treatment outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A best-evidence synthesis","volume":"28","author":"Bogaart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E475","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000343","article-title":"Initial Correction Rate Can be Predictive of the Outcome of Brace Treatment in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/4\/465\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:43:40Z","timestamp":1760136220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/4\/465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children9040465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9040465","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]}}}