{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:55:04Z","timestamp":1783954504683,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To investigate the survival rate of hydrops fetalis after fetal interventions and neonatal intensive care. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with hydrops fetalis from January 2009 to December 2019 at Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital. All cases had abnormal fluid accumulation in at least two body compartments during pre- and postnatal examination. The primary outcome measure was the mortality rate. We also collected information regarding disease etiology, duration of hospital stay, Apgar score, gestational age at birth, initial hydrops fetalis diagnosis, fetal intervention, first albumin and pH levels, and maternal history. Results: Of the 42 cases enrolled, 30 survived and 12 died; the mortality rate was 28.6%. Furthermore, 22 cases received fetal intervention, while 20 cases did not; there was no significant difference in their survival rates (75% and 68%, respectively). Survival rate was associated with gestational age at birth, initial diagnosis time, birthweight, Apgar score, initial albumin and pH levels, and gestational hypertension. Only one case was immune-mediated. Among the nonimmune-mediated cases, the three most common etiologies were lymphatic dysplasia (12\/42), idiopathic disorders (10\/42), and cardiovascular disorders (5\/42). Conclusions: Overall, hydrops fetalis was diagnosed early, and fetal intervention was performed in a timely manner. Preterm births were more frequent, and birthweight was lower in the cases that underwent fetal intervention than in those that did not, but there was no significant between-group difference in mortality. The initial diagnosis time, gestational age at birth, birthweight, Apgar score, and first albumin and pH levels were independently associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1649419874000},"page":"530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Survival of Hydrops Fetalis with and without Fetal Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Yun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chung Kang Branch of Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1433-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Jun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lih-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Neng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yuh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5076-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei 100006, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Dayeh University, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4523-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Chou","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 50050, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36988","article-title":"Etiology of non-immune hydrops fetalis: An update","volume":"167","author":"Bellini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. 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