{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1781274415898,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children\u2019s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11\u201314 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach\u2019s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 \u00b1 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eating (40.3%) and difficulty in cleaning mouth (38.7%) were the two most impacted daily performances. For construct validity, the associations were significant between the C-OIDP-U score and all subjective oral health measures (p &lt; 0.001). For discriminant validity, a significant association was observed between the C-OIDP-U score and clinical oral variables, children with DMFT + dmft \u2265 1, Gingival index &gt; 1 and having malocclusion reported a higher C-OIDP-U score when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: This study showed that C-OIDP is a valid, reliable and efficient instrument of OHRQoL for use in Pakistani children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9050631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T12:06:01Z","timestamp":1651147561000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Validation and Reliability Testing of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP): Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in Pakistani School-Going Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farooq Ahmad","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry (SOD), Federal Medical Teaching Institution (FMTI)\/PIMS, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azhar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Danial","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College, HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila 47080, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouman","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry (SOD), Federal Medical Teaching Institution (FMTI)\/PIMS, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamaluddin","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Regenerative Dentistry, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nadeem","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3502-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Ud Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry (SOD), Federal Medical Teaching Institution (FMTI)\/PIMS, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Park, K., and Park, K. (2015). Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, M\/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00701.x","article-title":"A sociodental approach to assessing dental needs of children: Concept and models","volume":"16","author":"Gherunpong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0389-9","article-title":"Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: What is the difference?","volume":"34","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511399918","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life: What, why, how, and future implications","volume":"90","author":"Sischo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1990.54.11.tb02481.x","article-title":"Development of the geriatric oral health assessment index","volume":"54","author":"Atchison","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the oral health impact profile","volume":"11","author":"Slade","year":"1994","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x","article-title":"What do measures of \u2018oral health-related quality of life\u2019measure?","volume":"35","author":"Locker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"161","article-title":"Developing and evaluating an oral health-related quality of life index for children; the CHILD-OIDP","volume":"21","author":"Gherunpong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-152","article-title":"Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life among Sudanese schoolchildren using Child-OIDP inventory","volume":"8","author":"Nurelhuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-68","article-title":"Child-OIDP index in Brazil: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation","volume":"6","author":"Castro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-020-00525-x","article-title":"Validating and assessing the oral health-related quality of life among Hungarian children with cleft lip and palate using Child-OIDP scale","volume":"22","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peker, K., Eden, E., Ak, A.T., Uysal, \u00d6., and Bermek, G. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the child oral impacts on daily performances (C-OIDP) for use in Turkish primary school children: A cross sectional validation study. BMC Oral Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01162-y"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorri, M., Sheiham, A., and Tsakos, G. (2007). Validation of a Persian version of the OIDP index. BMC Oral Health, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-7-2"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90142-N","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines","volume":"46","author":"Guillemin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burnso.2019.06.001","article-title":"The cultural adaptation and validation of an Urdu version of the satisfaction with appearance scale (SWAP-U) for Pakistani burn patients","volume":"3","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burn. Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12531","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and oral health-related quality of life in the elder Pakistani population","volume":"38","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2013). Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhary, F.A., Ahmad, B., and Bashir, U. (2019). Dental health status and oral health behaviours of patients with facial burn in Pakistan. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0819-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhary, F.A., Ahmad, B., and Sinor, M.Z. (2021). The severity of facial burns, dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral hygiene impact oral health-related quality of life of burns victims in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01923-3"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"23","article-title":"Adaptation and validation for Spain of the child-oral impact on daily performance (C-OIDP) for use with adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Martinicorena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Y Cirug\u00eda Bucal. Ed. Ingl."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00398.x","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the validity of Child-OIDP: Further evidence from Peru","volume":"36","author":"Sheiham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-63","article-title":"A Malay version of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) index: Assessing validity and reliability","volume":"10","author":"Yusof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"323","article-title":"Validation of a Hebrew version of the child-OIDP index, an oral health-related quality of life measure for children","volume":"11","author":"Kushnir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2011.00540.x","article-title":"Comparative assessment of validity and reliability of the oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) frequency scale: A cross-sectional survey among adolescents in Davanagere city, Karnataka, India","volume":"11","author":"Usha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2005.00230.x","article-title":"Validation of a French version of the Child-OIDP index","volume":"113","author":"Lecuyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000351693","article-title":"An overview of children\u2019s oral health-related quality of life assessment: From scale development to measuring outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Genderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1049","article-title":"An Indonesian version of child oral impact on daily performances (C-OIDP): Assessing validity and reliability","volume":"11","author":"Arumrahayu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Dent. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-40","article-title":"Applicability of an abbreviated version of the Child-OIDP inventory among primary schoolchildren in Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Mtaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-38","article-title":"Validation of an English version of the Child-OIDP index, an oral health-related quality of life measure for children","volume":"4","author":"Yusuf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP140829136L","article-title":"Translation and validation of the Croatian version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) scale","volume":"73","author":"Lajnert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vojnosanit. Pregl."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/5\/631\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:02:30Z","timestamp":1760137350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/5\/631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["children9050631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9050631","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]}}}