{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:29:02Z","timestamp":1787844542897,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the University of Foggia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are a group of heterogeneous health deficits frequently diagnosed in early childhood that cause difficulties in general intellectual functioning. In the last decades in Italy new laws have been developed to give practical guidelines for the best education plans for children with SLD. Background: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of the educational treatment on SLD in Primary and Secondary schools in the Italian city of Barletta. We acquired valuable data to evaluate Special Education Needs during COVID-19. Methods: Our study was conducted from April to June 2021, during the second \u201clockdown\u201d period in Italy. A fact-finding survey was conducted to schools with a questionnaire provided to the teachers to acquire data on the SEN applied in the management of distance learning for children. Results: The study involved 15 male and 6 female pupils with SLD in Primary Schools and 18 male and 6 female in Secondary Schools. The schools participating in the study organized distance learning programs with a support teacher with a 1:1 ratio. Data showed that all children with SLD needed a support teacher. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that distance learning programs are able to achieve adequate educational goals, despite the difficulties of the lockdown period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9060825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Specific Learning Disorders and Special Educational Needs during COVID-19 Pandemic; Pilot Survey Study Performed in Local District Schools in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Marchese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assunta","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo Pettoello","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy"},{"name":"European Pediatric Association, Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, 10115 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Association pour l\u2019Activit\u00e9 et la Recherche Sc\u00ecentifiques, 2067 Nouchatel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Surgical and Medical Science Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Pediatrics, 00042 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Academy of Pediatrics, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Science Institute, University of Foggia, Via Arpi, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Limone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Science Institute, University of Foggia, Via Arpi, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Indrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2005.05.006","article-title":"Guidelines to the United Kingdom Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001 with regard to nurse education and dyslexia","volume":"25","author":"McCandless","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skill: National Bureau for Students with Disabilities (2002). The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001: An introduction to the new legislation from Skill: National Bureau for Students with Disabilities. Planet, 6, 4\u20135.","DOI":"10.11120\/plan.2002.00060004"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckhardt, K., Schiering, I., Gabel, A., Ertas, F., and M\u00fcller, S.V. (2019, January 8\u201311). Visual Programming for Assistive Technologies in Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities. 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