{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:04:39Z","timestamp":1766181879735,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["No. 2020YFC2008200","No. 81800850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2020YFC2008200","No. 81800850"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 2020YFC2008200","No. 81800850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2020YFC2008200","No. 81800850"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: As common retinopathy is observed in low-birth infants, the characteristics of ROP in twins are worth exploring. The present study tried to demonstrate the risk factors of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in twins both diagnosed with ROP. Methods: A retrospective, institution-based cohort study of 62 premature ROP twin pairs with a mean gestational age (GA) younger than 35 weeks and a birth weight (BW) lower than 2500 g. Only infants with a follow-up period longer than 6 months and complete treatment records were included. The demographic data, treatment requirements and further rescue treatments were all collected and analyzed for all infants according to whether they accepted treatments. Moreover, all twin infants were divided into small and large twin groups according to birth weight, and they were also categorized as three groups according to the treatment requirement including both twins receiving treatment (BT group), one of the twins receiving treatment (ST group) and none of the twins receiving treatment (NT group). Comparisons of demographic data, treatment requirements and further rescue treatments were all conducted according to the different grouping methods. Results: The mean GA of the enrolled infants was (29.29 \u00b1 2.45) weeks with a mean BW of (1335.77 \u00b1 390.36) grams. Among them, 110 infants were mechanically ventilated. Fifty-one of the infants did not receive any treatment and 73 infants received laser or intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents. In total, 64 infants only underwent intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents or laser treatment, while the other nine infants received scleral buckling or vitrectomy as a necessary treatment when the retinal detachment was observed. No significantly different mechanical ventilation or treatment requirements could be observed between the small twin group and the large twin group (p = 0.73, 0.94). The twins in the BT groups showed the lowest BW, while the NT group infants had the highest BW. The GA for the BT, ST and NT groups were (27.86 \u00b1 1.87) weeks, (29.60 \u00b1 1.52) weeks and (31.33 \u00b1 2.39) weeks, respectively, and showed significant differences as well (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Being a small twin in twin-paired ROP without a high BW discordant will not increase the risk for treatment requirement or additional surgery necessity with a much more severe stage of ROP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9060891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T22:17:01Z","timestamp":1655331421000},"page":"891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Twins: The Small Twin without High Birth Weight Discordant Is Not at Increased Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Enzhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: A review of risk factors and their clinical signifcance","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv. 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