{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:31:21Z","timestamp":1790631081382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yu-Shu Huang","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-112-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-112-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Yu-Shu Huang","award":["CMRPG 3L0291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG 3L0291"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Wei-Chih Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-112-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-112-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Wei-Chih Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG 3L0291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG 3L0291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric narcolepsy is a chronic sleep-wakefulness disorder. Its symptoms frequently begin in childhood. This review article examined the literature for research reporting on the effects of treatment of pediatric narcolepsy, as well as proposed etiology and diagnostic tools. Symptoms of pediatric narcolepsy include excessive sleepiness and cataplexy. In addition, rapid-eye-movement-related phenomena such as sleep paralysis, sleep terror, and hypnagogic or hypnapompic hallucinations can also occur. These symptoms impaired children\u2019s function and negatively influenced their social interaction, studying, quality of life, and may further lead to emotional and behavioral problems. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for children\u2019s development. Moreover, there are differences in clinical experiences between Asian and Western population. The treatment of pediatric narcolepsy should be comprehensive. In this article, we review pediatric narcolepsy and its treatment approach: medication, behavioral modification, and education\/mental support. Pharmacological treatment including some promising newly-developed medication can decrease cataplexy and daytime sleepiness in children with narcolepsy. Other forms of management such as psychosocial interventions involve close cooperation between children, school, family, medical personnel, and can further assist their adjustment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9070974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1656535676000},"page":"974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pediatric Narcolepsy\u2014A Practical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"I-Hang","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chih","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Shu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.1.13","article-title":"The epidemiology of narcolepsy","volume":"30","author":"Longstreth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1826","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population","volume":"58","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.suppl_8.S7","article-title":"Epidemiology of narcolepsy","volume":"17","author":"Hublin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.2.197","article-title":"The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsted County, Minnesota: A population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Silber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10162","article-title":"The prevalence of narcolepsy among Chinese in Hong Kong","volume":"51","author":"Wing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. 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