{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:01:04Z","timestamp":1790413264179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Baastrup\u2019s disease is a rare, often misdiagnosed, and causes back pain in children. It is characterized by degenerative changes of both spinous processes and interspinous soft tissues between two adjacent vertebrae. Repetitive spinal movements in the sagittal plane predispose injury to posterior elements of the spine. Chronic flexion and extension strain the interspinous ligament, causing the neighboring spinous processes to adjoin. Patients typically report midline back pain in the lumbar region, which radiates both cephalad and caudad but not laterally. Pain is aggravated by extension and palpation and is alleviated with flexion. Some children with Baastrup\u2019s do not experience pain but present with swelling along the spinous processes. Diagnosis is dependent on distinctive radiologic findings and exam features. Increased interspinous spaces and bone remodeling may be observed. While the current treatment for pain associated with Baastrup\u2019s is directed towards physical therapy, massage therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, and rest from activity, this is the first report of children undergoing interventional modalities for the treatment of back pain associated with Baastrup\u2019s disease. We present two unique pediatric cases of female gymnasts with Baastrup\u2019s disease who were successfully treated by two different techniques: interspinous ligament injection and medial branch block.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9071018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T11:37:08Z","timestamp":1657280228000},"page":"1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Baastrup\u2019s Disease in Pediatric Gymnasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2902-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsalan Akbar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Christian University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cook Children\u2019s Healthcare System 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5665-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin Matthew","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Christian University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cook Children\u2019s Healthcare System 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artee","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook Children\u2019s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook Children\u2019s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Cook Children\u2019s Dodson Specialty Clinics 1500 Cooper Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/00016923309132353","article-title":"On the Spinous Processes of the Lumbar Vertebrae and the Soft Tissues between Them, and on Pathological Changes in That Region","volume":"14","author":"Baastrup","year":"1933","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-014-0376-7","article-title":"Baastrup\u2019s disease (kissing spines syndrome): A Pictorial Review","volume":"6","author":"Filippiadis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.6.415","article-title":"Spondylolysis: A critical review","volume":"34","author":"Standaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"788","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spinous processes and adjacent soft tissues: Normal and pathologic appearances","volume":"14","author":"Goobar","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1983.11698542","article-title":"Low Back Pain in the Athlete. from spondylogenic injury during recreation or competition","volume":"74","author":"Keene","year":"1983","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5719","article-title":"MDCT findings in Baastrup disease: Disease or normal feature of the aging spine?","volume":"196","author":"Kwong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2367","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002367","article-title":"Clinical Anatomy and Measurement of the Medial Branch of the Spinal Dorsal Ramus","volume":"94","author":"Shuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.145153","article-title":"Baastrup\u2019s Disease in the Pediatric Spine","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E211","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318169614a","article-title":"Lumbar Interspinous Bursitis (Baastrup Disease) in a Symptomatic Population: Prevalence on Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"33","author":"Maes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rx.2011.01.011","article-title":"Manifestaciones radiol\u00f3gicas del s\u00edndrome de Baastrup en la edad pedi\u00e1trica [Radiological manifestations of Baastrup\u2019s disease in children]","volume":"55","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiologia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B7.15154","article-title":"Interspinous Bursitis in an Athlete","volume":"86","author":"DePalma","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e465","article-title":"Baastrup\u2019s Disease: An Often Missed Etiology for Back Pain","volume":"8","author":"Philipp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/7\/1018\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:46:56Z","timestamp":1760140016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/7\/1018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["children9071018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9071018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]}}}