{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1793499805473,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) through grants to the CIHR Team in Maternal-Infant Care","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) through grants to the CIHR Team in Maternal-Infant Care","award":["142488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142488"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) through grants to the CIHR Team in Maternal-Infant Care","award":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"]}]},{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}]},{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","award":["142488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142488"]}]},{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","award":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"]}]},{"name":"Child Health Initiatives Limiting Disability\u2014Brain Research Improving Growth and Health Trajectories (CHILD-BRIGHT) Network","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}]},{"name":"Child Health Initiatives Limiting Disability\u2014Brain Research Improving Growth and Health Trajectories (CHILD-BRIGHT) Network","award":["142488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142488"]}]},{"name":"Child Health Initiatives Limiting Disability\u2014Brain Research Improving Growth and Health Trajectories (CHILD-BRIGHT) Network","award":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research. R.E.G.","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research. R.E.G.","award":["142488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142488"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research. R.E.G.","award":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"]}]},{"name":"B.C. Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}]},{"name":"B.C. Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute","award":["142488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142488"]}]},{"name":"B.C. Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute","award":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1714 (SCA-145104)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm infants are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially language delay. Preterm infants &lt; 29 weeks\u2019 gestational age, cared for in Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network affiliated hospitals, were assessed between 18 to 21 months corrected age using the Bayley-III. Bayley-III Language Composite Scores were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for children in three primary language groups: English, French and other. 6146 children were included. The primary language at home was English, French or another language for 3708 children (60%), 1312 children (21%) and 1126 children (18%), respectively, and overall, 44% were exposed to two or more languages at home. Univariate analysis showed that primary language was associated with lower Bayley-III Language scores; however, multivariate analyses demonstrated that neither primary language nor language of administration were significantly associated with lower language scores when adjusted for gestational age, other developmental delays and sociodemographic factors, but multiple language exposure was. Sociodemographic and other factors are more important in determining language development than primary language at home. Further studies are needed to examine the association between exposure to multiple languages and lower Bayley-III language scores in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9071048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Differing Language Background Exposures on Bayley-III Language Assessment in a National Cohort of Children Born Less than 29 Weeks\u2019 Gestation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5813-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Synnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Grunau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Colby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Elfring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Follow-Up Program, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonora","family":"Hendson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudaina","family":"Banihani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAN Women and Babies Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2222-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2013.10.007","article-title":"Speech and Language Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants","volume":"19","author":"Vohr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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