{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:16:25Z","timestamp":1790111785234,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Surgery at the University Hospital Basel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Primary alveolar bone grafting inhibits craniofacial growth. However, its effect on craniofacial growth in one-stage cleft lip and palate protocols is unknown. This study investigated whether primary alveolar bone grafting performed during one-stage unilateral cleft lip and palate repair negatively affects growth up to 6\u201311 years old. Methods: The craniofacial growth, dental arch relationship and palatal morphology at 6\u201311 years old in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were compared retrospectively. Two cohorts after a one-stage protocol without (Group A) and with (Group B) primary bone grafting at the same center were compared. Further, cephalometric measurements for growth were compared with an external cohort of a one-stage protocol and a heathy control. Results: Group A comprised 16 patients assessed at 6.8 years (SD 0.83), and Group B comprised 15 patients assessed at 9 years (SD 2.0). Cephalometric measurements indicated similar sagittal maxillary growth deficits and a significant deviation in maxillary inclination in both groups compared to the healthy group. Moderate to severe changes in palatal morphology were observed in 70% of the members in both groups. Conclusion: Omitting primary alveolar bone grafting under the one-stage protocol with two-flap palatoplasty studied did not improve growth at 6\u201311 years. The results implicate two-flap palatoplasty with secondary healing as having greater adverse effects on growth than primary alveolar bone grafting. Dental and palatal morphology was considerably compromised regardless of primary alveolar bone grafting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9081228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1660511346000},"page":"1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Craniofacial Growth at Age 6\u201311 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benito K.","family":"Benitez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seraina K.","family":"Weibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian S.","family":"Halbeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Outcome Research Center Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoriko","family":"Lill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Nalabothu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Tache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cleft & Craniofacial Team, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1973-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00137-8","article-title":"Facial growth of adults with unoperated clefts","volume":"31","author":"ReferencesShetye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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