{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:49:55Z","timestamp":1789523395257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute leukemia (AL) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and neurological manifestations (NM) are frequent. The objective of this study was to analyze neurological manifestations in children with acute leukemia from cases attended in the last five years at the Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d. Methods: Conducting a retrospective and analytical study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in children with AL classified according to sex, age range and AL type. Participants were grouped according the presence of NM. Results: We analyzed 607 patients: 54.85% boys and 44.14% girls, with a mean age of 7.27 \u00b1 4.54 years. When comparing groups, the NM group was significantly older (p = 0.01), and the highest prevalence was between 6 and 12 years old. ALL was predominant over the other lineages (p \u2264 0.01). The most frequent NM was CNS infiltration, seizures, headache and neuropathy. Death outcomes occurred in 18.7% of children with AML, 11.8% with ALL and 50% with MPAL (p \u2264 0.002). The NM group was associated with higher mortality during a follow-up time of 77.9 \u00b1 49 months (44.4% vs. 8.9% deaths, NM vs. non-NM, respectively; OR = 3.3; 95% CI 2.4 to 4.6; p \u2264 0.0001). Conclusions: ALL was the most prevalent leukemia type. CNS infiltration, seizures, headache, neuropathy and PRES were the most frequent symptoms in the NM group. NM was associated with a higher mortality rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1661288712000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neurological Involvement in Pediatric Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Diana Alejandra","family":"Cruz-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Sol\u00f3rzano-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Venta-Sobero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz Victoria","family":"Flores-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7418-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Gabriel","family":"Toledo-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Vianney","family":"Castro-Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Undergraduate Research, Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatolog\u00eda, Mexico City 11200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sandoval-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Undergraduate Research, Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatolog\u00eda, Mexico City 11200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Torres-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Mexico City 03700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Sharlot Faisury","family":"Marmol-Realpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazm\u00edn Evelyn","family":"Flores-Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4040-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristal Lucero","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda Lizeth","family":"Alcaraz-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Ter\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6126-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n Mauricio","family":"Coral-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching and Research, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"},{"name":"Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1760-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Extramedullary manifestations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: A systematic review and guideline-based approach of treatment","volume":"10","author":"Shahriari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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