{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:22:25Z","timestamp":1791840145195,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current treatment paradigms for end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children include heart transplantation and mechanical support devices. However, waitlist mortality, shortage of smaller donors, time-limited durability of grafts, and thrombo-hemorrhagic events affect long-term outcomes. Moreover, both these options are noncurative and cannot preserve the native heart function. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) has been reinvented as a possible \u201cregenerative surgery\u201d to retrain the decompensated left ventricle in children with DCM. The rationale is to promote positive ventricular\u2013ventricular interactions that result in recovery of left ventricular function in one out of two children, allowing transplantation delisting. Although promising, global experience with this technique is still limited, and several surgical centers are reluctant to adopt PAB since its exact biological bases remain unknown. In the present review, we summarize the clinical, functional, and molecular known and supposed working mechanisms of PAB in children with DCM. From its proven efficacy in the clinical setting, we described the macroscopic geometrical and functional changes in biventricular performance promoted by PAB. We finally speculated on the possible underlying molecular pathways recruited by PAB. An evidence-based explanation of the working mechanisms of PAB is still awaited to support wider adoption of this surgical option for pediatric heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T20:50:45Z","timestamp":1663188645000},"page":"1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pulmonary Artery Banding for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: Returning to the Bench from Bedside"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4472-6287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Ponzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biagio","family":"Castaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7535-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo A.","family":"Padalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.07.018","article-title":"The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-first pediatric heart transplantation report-2018; Focus theme: Multiorgan Transplantation","volume":"37","author":"Rossano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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