{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:50:35Z","timestamp":1771678235536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICMR-NIN"},{"name":"Poshan Abhiyaan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal nutritional status and care during pregnancy are essential for adequate birth weight. In this prospective cohort study (N = 1061) in an urban slum, we investigated the association of maternal anthropometry, body composition, gestational weight gain and dietary intakes with low birthweight (LBW, &lt;2.5 kg). About one-third of the women were short (&lt;150 cm), 35% were underweight (&lt;45 kg), 23% suffered from chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI &lt; 18.5 kg\/m2) and another 30% were overweight\/obese. The mean age and BMI were 23 years and 21.7 kg\/m2, respectively, and haemoglobin was 10.73 g\/dL. The mean birthweight (N = 605) was 2.81 \u00b1 0.5 kg, and the average gestational age was 38 \u00b1 2 weeks. About 15% of infants had LBW, and 48% were small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) in all trimesters. In the first trimester (N = 762), we found that mean fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (% BF) were 38.86 kg, 11.43 kg and 21.55%, respectively. Low birthweight was significantly associated with preterm deliveries (p &lt; 0.001) and less fat free mass (p = 0.02) in the third trimester. Among other factors were age (p = 0.017), maternal anthropometry (height: p = 0.031; weight: p = 0.059) and fewer antenatal check-ups (p = 0.037). Small size (SGA) was consistently associated with maternal bodyweight at all trimesters (term I, p = 0.013, term II, p = 0.003 and term III, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass in the third trimester (p &lt; 0.001) and maternal height (p = 0.003).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T21:14:28Z","timestamp":1664140468000},"page":"1460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Maternal Nutrition, Body Composition and Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age\u2014A Cohort Study in an Indian Urban Slum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Raja Sriswan","family":"Mamidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Banjara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5127-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sridevi","family":"Manchala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0545-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ch Khadar","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J. Babu","family":"Geddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveen Kumar","family":"Boiroju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Varanasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Neeraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Venkat Raji","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"Ramalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hemalatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gargi","family":"Meur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, March 04). Low Birthweight\u2014UNICEF DATA. 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