{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:37:22Z","timestamp":1787773042458,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The improved survival of gastroschisis patients is a notable pediatric success story. Over the past 60 years, gastroschisis evolved from uniformly fatal to a treatable condition with over 95% survival. We explored the historical effect of four specific clinical innovations\u2014mechanical ventilation, preformed silos, parenteral nutrition, and pulmonary surfactant\u2014that contributed to mortality decline among gastroschisis infants. A literature review was performed to extract mortality rates from six decades of contemporary literature from 1960 to 2020. A total of 2417 publications were screened, and 162 published studies (98,090 patients with gastroschisis) were included. Mortality decreased over time and has largely been &lt;10% since 1993. Mechanical ventilation was introduced in 1965, preformed silo implementation in 1967, parenteral nutrition in 1968, and pulmonary surfactant therapy in 1980. Gastroschisis infants now carry a mortality rate of &lt;5% as a result of these interventions. Other factors, such as timing of delivery, complex gastroschisis, and management in low- and middle-income countries were also explored in relation to gastroschisis mortality. Overall, improved gastroschisis outcomes serve as an illustration of the benefits of clinical advances and multidisciplinary care, leading to a drastic decline in infant mortality among these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T01:52:21Z","timestamp":1665193941000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Improved Mortality of Patients with Gastroschisis: A Historical Literature Review of Advances in Surgery and Critical Care from 1960\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5415-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Georgeades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Children\u2019s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Mowrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Children\u2019s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2049-811X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gezzer","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fizan","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose H.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Children\u2019s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.3216","article-title":"Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of Sutureless vs. Sutured Closure Techniques in Gastroschisis Repair","volume":"154","author":"Witt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.035","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastroschisis: A population-based study in California from 1995 to 2012","volume":"53","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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