{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:36Z","timestamp":1787027856305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Brain tumors are the second most frequent type of all pediatric malignancies. Depending on their localization, patients with brain tumors may present neurological or ophthalmological symptoms, but also weight anomalies and endocrine disorders ranging from growth hormone deficiency, anomalies of puberty, diabetes insipidus to panhypopituitarism. Immediately at diagnosis, all patients with brain tumors require a complete assessment of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary function in order to address eventual endocrine disorders. Moreover, children and adolescents undergoing brain surgery must receive peri- and postoperative hydrocortisone stress therapy. Post-operative disorders of water homeostasis are frequent, ranging from transient diabetes insipidus, as well as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion to persistent diabetes insipidus. Late endocrine disorders may result from surgery near or within the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary region. Pituitary deficits are frequent after radiotherapy, especially growth hormone deficiency. Thyroid nodules or secondary thyroid cancers may arise years after radiotherapy. Gonadal dysfunction is frequent after chemotherapy especially with alkylating agents. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of specific endocrine disorders at diagnosis, perioperatively, and during long-term follow-up result in improved general and metabolic health and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"1617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Endocrine Disorders in Children with Brain Tumors: At Diagnosis, after Surgery, Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3847-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Claude","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children\u2019s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziamaria","family":"Ubertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabor","family":"Szinnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children\u2019s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz150","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2012\u20132016","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23169","article-title":"Trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S. (1992\u20132004)","volume":"112","author":"Linabery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2018-000911","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is a sequela of radiation exposure in hypothalamic obesity among survivors of childhood brain tumors","volume":"67","author":"Cooksey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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