{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:06:47Z","timestamp":1785881207561,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the study of dyslexia has seen rapid progress in definition and classification, neuropsychological correlates, neurobiological factors, and intervention. However, there are few studies on how virtual reality can affect improving cognitive domains and cross-cutting pedagogical skills. We, therefore, tested intervention through the use of a virtual reality rehabilitation system (VRRS) in children with dyslexia. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with dyslexia were enrolled in this study. One-half underwent conventional neuropsychological treatment, and the other half performed VR neurorehabilitation training using the VRRS. All patients were evaluated by neuropsychological assessment at baseline (T0) and at the end of the protocol (T1). The assessment included the administration of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV and the Italian Battery for the Assessment of Dyslexia and Dysorthography. Our results showed a significant difference in word-reading test scores as well as in homophonic writing. In addition, treatment type was found to affect some domains of the WISC. We believe that the VRRS led to improved outcomes through the use of VR, which encourages active exploration, improves engagement, and provides motivation and enjoyment, allowing longer training sessions and improving treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Use of Virtual Reality in Children with Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giuseppa","family":"Maresca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"De Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Giliberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Di Cara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Corallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Quartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pidal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00936","article-title":"Reading networks in children with dyslexia compared to children with ocular motility disturbances revealed by fMRI","volume":"8","author":"Saralegui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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