{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:45:34Z","timestamp":1784598334159,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers for Global Health, a joint initiative by researchers from the University of Zurich-Switzerland"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) of Makerere University-Uganda"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Changes in body composition have been suggested as an intractable effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its management. This study aims to compare body composition characteristics in a sample of young children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with healthy controls. Methods: In this case\u2013control study, body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance among 328 participants. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, upper arm, hip, and waist, circumferences; biceps; triceps; and subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds. From raw Bioelectrical impedance data, we calculated the impedance, phase angle, and height normalised resistance and reactance to assess body composition. Analysis of variance accounting for paired blocks was used to compare the two matched groups, while an independent Student\u2019s t-test was used for intragroup comparisons among cases. Results: Waist Hip Ratio, biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were higher among cases than in controls. Cases showed a higher Fat Mass Index, higher fasting blood glucose and higher glycated haemoglobin. Cases also had a higher mean value of resistance (p = 0.0133), and a lower mean value of reactance (p = 0.0329). Phase angle was lower among cases than in controls (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Our diabetic children showed higher levels of adiposity than controls. The observed differences in body composition are explained by differences in the fat-mass index. Abdominal fat accumulation was associated with poor glycaemic control and a lower phase angle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:01:45Z","timestamp":1668045705000},"page":"1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Body Composition Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Nsamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye 671316, India"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London UB8 3PH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Eroju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u2013John Hopkins University (MUJHU) Collaboration, Kampala P.O. Box 23491, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Drenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London UB8 3PH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0663-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elezebeth","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye 671316, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00519.x","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with diabetes in USA: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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