{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:37:12Z","timestamp":1787841432503,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leon Root Chair in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery"},{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery Lerner\u2019s Children\u2019s Pavilion Research Fund"},{"name":"Foundation Yves Cotrel Basic Science Research Grant"},{"name":"Neumann Family Fund Foundation"},{"name":"Professor Rahamimoff Travel Grant for Young Scientists of the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation"},{"name":"HSS Department of Radiology"},{"name":"HSS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis results in three dimensional changes to a patient\u2019s body, which may change a patient\u2019s range of motion. Surface topography is an emerging technology to evaluate three dimensional parameters in patients with scoliosis. The goal of this paper is to introduce novel and reliable surface topographic measurements for the assessment of global coronal and sagittal range of motion of the spine in adolescents, and to determine if these measurements can distinguish between adolescents with lumbar scoliosis and those without scoliosis. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected registry. Using a surface topographic scanner, a finger to floor and lateral bending scans were performed on each subject. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were assessed for each measurement. ANOVA analysis was used to test comparative hypotheses. Results: Inter-rater reliability for lateral bending fingertip asymmetry (LBFA) and lateral bending acromia asymmetry (LBAA) displayed poor reliability, while the coronal angle asymmetry (CAA), coronal angle range of motion (CAR), forward bending finger to floor (FBFF), forward bending acromia to floor (FBAF), sagittal angle (SA), and sagittal angle normalized (SAN) demonstrated good to excellent reliability. There was a significant difference between controls and lumbar scoliosis patients for LBFA, LBAA, CAA and FBAF (p-values &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Surface topography yields a reliable and rapid process for measuring global spine range of motion in the coronal and sagittal planes. Using these tools, there was a significant difference in measurements between patients with lumbar scoliosis and controls. In the future, we hope to be able to assess and predict perioperative spinal mobility changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:27:34Z","timestamp":1668565654000},"page":"1756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["3D Surface Topographic Optical Scans Yield Highly Reliable Global Spine Range of Motion Measurements in Scoliotic and Non-Scoliotic Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kira","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gmelich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankush","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica H.","family":"Heyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hillstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Groisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle W.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Timothy","family":"Hresko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger F.","family":"Widmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.1.4","article-title":"Pediatric spinal deformities","volume":"14","author":"Wiggins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Biomechanics of the spine","volume":"7","author":"Banton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Spinal Res. 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