{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:46:38Z","timestamp":1776401198633,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris","award":["RC 2763771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC 2763771"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on the association between callous\u2013unemotional (CU) traits and intelligence yielded contradictory results. Moreover, several previous studies focused on global intelligence scores or verbal vs. nonverbal\/performance abilities usually evaluated with short\/abbreviated instruments. The current study builds on these previous works and explores the link between CU traits and intelligence using the full version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u20144th Edition (WISC-IV), which provides four different verbal and nonverbal abilities scores. This guarantees a more detailed evaluation of children\u2019s intelligence and its relation to CU traits. The sample included children (N = 149; age 6\u201314 years old) with severe behavioral problems. Clinicians administered the WISC-IV, and parents completed questionnaires evaluating the child\u2019s externalizing problems and CU traits. Findings showed that CU traits were associated with lower verbal comprehension scores after also controlling for gender, age, externalizing problems, and the other WISC-IV indexes. In addition, CU traits and externalizing problems did not interact in predicting the WISC-IV indexes, and there were no significant differences in the WISC-IV indexes between children with CU traits and high vs. low externalizing problems. The current study suggests the relevance of assessing and addressing verbal abilities in children with behavioral problems and CU traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:35:23Z","timestamp":1668742523000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Callous\u2013Unemotional Traits and Intelligence in Children with Externalizing Behavioral Problems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5492-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Levantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Mammarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Milone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Tacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cristofani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","article-title":"Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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