{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:11:46Z","timestamp":1761491506085,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transfusion exposure increases the risk of death in critically ill patients of all ages. This was thought to relate to co-morbidities in the transfusion recipient. However, donor characteristics are increasingly recognised as critical to transfusion recipient outcome with systematic reviews suggesting blood donor sex influences transfusion recipient health. Originally focusing on plasma and platelet transfusions, retrospective studies report greater risks of adverse outcomes such as transfusion related acute lung injury in those receiving products from female donors. There is increasing awareness that exposure to red blood cells (RBCs) poses a similar risk. Recent studies focusing on transfusion related outcomes in extremely preterm newborns report conflicting data on the association between blood donor sex and outcomes. Despite a renewed focus on lower versus higher transfusion thresholds in neonatal clinical practice, this group remain a heavily transfused population, receiving on average 3\u20135 RBC transfusions during their primary hospital admission. Therefore, evidence supporting a role for better donor selection could have a significant impact on clinical outcomes in this high-risk population. Here, we review the emerging evidence for an association between blood donor sex and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm newborns receiving one or more transfusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T06:24:44Z","timestamp":1671431084000},"page":"1980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Red Blood Cell Donor Sex Associated Effects on Morbidity and Mortality in the Extremely Preterm Newborn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tara M.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad C.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1835-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.11.019","article-title":"Intraoperative transfusion of 1 U to 2 U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients","volume":"208","author":"Bernard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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