{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:16:05Z","timestamp":1787858165620,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dongguk University Bioethics Committee of the Republic of Korea","award":["DGU IRB 20220018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGU IRB 20220018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thoracic hyperkyphosis is associated with postural abnormality, physical function, and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of a combined exercise program on the spinal curvature and balance ability in adolescents with kyphosis. Fifty-one adolescents (mean age 21.95 \u00b1 3.90 year, 23 male and 28 female) diagnosed with kyphosis were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 26). All participants in the study group underwent a combined exercise program for 60 min, three times per week, for 12 weeks. Cobb\u2019s angle and forward head angle showed significant differences between the two groups (p &lt; 0.001). The anterior and posterior weight distributions of static and dynamic plantar foot pressures showed a significant difference between the two groups (p &lt; 0.001), and significant differences were observed only in the study group (p &lt; 0.001). However, the left and right static plantar foot pressures did not differ significantly. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a combined exercise program is an effective intervention for the improvement of alignment in the spinal curve and balance in adolescents with postural kyphosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T07:59:21Z","timestamp":1671436761000},"page":"1999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Combined Exercise Program on Spinal Curvature and Balance Ability in Adolescents with Kyphosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yun-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Rehabilitation, Osan University, Osan-si 18119, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4714-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Sunmoon University, Asan-si 31460, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Hoon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Cha University, Pocheon-Si 11160, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Gon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03798-z","article-title":"Mid and lower thoracic kyphosis changes during adulthood: The influence of age, sex and thoracic coronal curvature","volume":"142","author":"Urrutia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Seok, S.I. (2011). Textbook of Spinal Surgery (Spinal Surgery), Newest Medical Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.35159\/kjss.2022.8.31.4.837","article-title":"A Comparative Study on Body Composition and Spine Curvature of Women in Their 20s according to Exercising Habits","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.07.008","article-title":"Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies","volume":"35","author":"Janwantanakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. 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[2nd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/12\/1999\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:44:14Z","timestamp":1760147054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/9\/12\/1999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["children9121999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9121999","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]}}}