{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:40:06Z","timestamp":1788572406056,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ6\/01463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ6\/01463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are multiple lines of evidence for the existence of communication between the central nervous system (CNS), gut, and intestinal microbiome. Despite extensive analysis conducted on various neurological disorders, the gut microbiome was not yet analyzed in neuroinfections. In the current study, we analyzed the gut microbiome in 47 consecutive patients hospitalized with neuroinfection (26 patients had viral encephalitis\/meningitis; 8 patients had bacterial meningitis) and in 20 matched for age and gender health controls. Using the QIIME pipeline, 16S rRNA sequencing and classification into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were performed on the earliest stool sample available. Bacterial taxa such as Clostridium, Anaerostipes, Lachnobacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia were decreased in patients with neuroinfection when compared to controls. Alpha diversity metrics showed lower within-sample diversity in patients with neuroinfections, though there were no differences in beta diversity. Furthermore, there was no significant change by short-term (1\u20133 days) antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiota, although alpha diversity metrics, such as Chao1 and Shannon\u2019s index, were close to being statistically significant. The cause of differences between patients with neuroinfections and controls is unclear and could be due to inflammation accompanying the disease; however, the effect of diet modification and\/or hospitalization cannot be excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44070200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1656535676000},"page":"2903-2914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Patients with Infections of The Central Nervous System Have Lowered Gut Microbiota Alpha Diversity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Grochowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Laskus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Paciorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2645-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Lechowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Makowiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Horban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Radkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Perlejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26069","article-title":"Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson\u2019s disease and clinical phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Scheperjans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. 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