{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:16:18Z","timestamp":1790867778701,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University","award":["2021R1C1C1011346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C1011346"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2021R1C1C1011346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C1011346"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, a technique widely applied in human infertility clinics and to preserve desirable genetic traits of livestock, has been developed over 30 years as a component of the artificial insemination process. A number of researchers have conducted studies to reduce cell toxicity during cryopreservation using adjuvants leading to higher gamete and embryo survival rates. Melatonin and Nanoparticles are novel cryoprotectants and recent studies have investigated their properties such as regulating oxidative stresses, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in order to protect gametes and embryos during vitrification. This review presented the current status of cryoprotectants and highlights the novel biomaterials such as melatonin and nanoparticles that may improve the survivability of gametes and embryos during this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44090276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T23:35:57Z","timestamp":1662420957000},"page":"4028-4044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Application of Nanoparticles and Melatonin for Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo","volume":"11","author":"Steptoe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1997.2007","article-title":"Vitrification of mature mouse oocytes: Improved results following addition of polyethylene glycol to a dimethyl sulfoxide solution","volume":"34","author":"Paynter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2004.03.002","article-title":"Fundamental cryobiology of reproductive cells and tissues","volume":"48","author":"Woods","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00030-2","article-title":"Alterations of the cytoskeleton and polyploidy induced by cryopreservation of metaphase II mouse oocytes","volume":"69","author":"Eroglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil. 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