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Based on the experience of therapeutic liposomes, current LNPs have been developed based on the chemistry of lipids and RNA and on the biology of human disease. LNPs have been used for the development of Onpattro, an siRNA drug for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, in 2018. The subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 required a vaccine for its suppression. LNP-based vaccine production received much attention for this and resulted in great success. In this review, the essential technology of LNP gene delivery has been described according to the chemistry for LNP production and biology for its clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44100341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T20:32:23Z","timestamp":1666211543000},"page":"5013-5027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Lipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Gene Delivery Technique for Clinical Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Mashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2018.0721","article-title":"Lipid Nanoparticles Enabling Gene Therapies: From Concepts to Clinical Utility","volume":"28","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00365","article-title":"Exciting Times for Lipid Nanoparticles: How Canadian Discoveries Are Enabling Gene Therapies","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. 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