{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:23:57Z","timestamp":1761582237857,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and purpose: With the emergence of linear accelerators in radiotherapy, it becomes necessary to accurately select new dosing regimens. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological changes of spermatogenesis after radiation exposure. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were subjected to targeted ionizing radiation on a pulsed electron accelerator \u201cNOVAC-11\u201d with doses of 2, 8 and 12 Gy. Spermatogenesis was assessed a week later using light microscopy and immunohistochemical method (antibodies to Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, Caspase 3). Results: A decrease in the number of normal germ cells was seen in all experimental groups, while radioresistant Sertoli and Leydig cells were barely affected. The most serious damage to the tubules and germ cells was observed in 8 and 12 Gy irradiation groups. IHC analysis of testes after irradiation showed a shift in the proliferative-apoptotic balance toward apoptosis of germ cells: a decrease in the expression levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2, an increase in p53-positive and caspase 3-positive cells by the end of the experiment. Conclusion: Dose-dependent progressive pathomorphological changes in histoarchitectonics of the testes are traced, and a decrease in the number of germ cells is seen on the seventh day after irradiation with a pulsed electron accelerator \u201cNOVAC-11\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44110391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:39:59Z","timestamp":1669005599000},"page":"5768-5777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Testes of Rats after Experimental Localized Electron Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Grigory","family":"Demyashkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Koryakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Moiseev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyatcheslav","family":"Saburov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Zatsepina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Epifanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2492-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Stepanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Shchekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matvey","family":"Vadyukhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Shegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Kaprin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21442","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Siegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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