{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:00:04Z","timestamp":1770328804562,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009338","name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M00500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M00500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sargassum horneri is a seaweed species with diverse bioactivities. However, its antifibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation are not clearly understood. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of S. horneri on fibrosis progression in NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and NP tissues ex vivo. NPDFs were stimulated with TGF-\u03b21 in the presence or absence of S. horneri ethanol extract (SHE). The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production levels, myofibroblast differentiation (\u03b1-smooth muscle actin, \u03b1-SMA), and phosphorylation of Smad 2\/3 and -ERK in TGF-\u03b21-stimulated NPDFs were investigated using western blotting. Further, the contractile activity of SHE was assessed by performing a collagen gel contraction assay. The expression levels of collagen-1, fibronectin, and \u03b1-SMA were investigated in NP organ cultures treated with SHE. TGF-\u03b21 stimulated ECM protein expression, myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen contractile activity while these were attenuated by pretreatment with SHE. We also found antifibrotic effect of SHE on ex vivo NP tissues. The antifibrotic effects of SHE were modulated through the attenuation of Smad 2\/3 and ERK signaling pathways in TGF-\u03b21-stimulated NPDFs. In conclusion, SHE inhibited ECM protein accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation during NP remodeling. Thus, SHE may be helpful as a treatment for NP recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44110395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T05:18:57Z","timestamp":1669094337000},"page":"5815-5826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antifibrosis Efficacy of Apo-9-Fucoxanthinone-Contained Sargassum horneri Ethanol Extract on Nasal Polyp: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Organ Culture Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mi-Jin","family":"Yim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Chun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Kook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il-Whan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S8088","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nasal congestion","volume":"3","author":"Naclerio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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