{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:11:58Z","timestamp":1790892718144,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy of the brain with a relatively short median survival and high mortality. Advanced age, high socioeconomic status, exposure to ionizing radiation, and other factors have been correlated with an increased incidence of GBM, while female sex hormones, history of allergies, and frequent use of specific drugs might exert protective effects against this disease. However, none of these explain the pathogenesis of GBM. The most recent WHO classification of CNS tumors classifies neoplasms based on their histopathological and molecular characteristics. Modern laboratory techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry, enable the comprehensive metabolic analysis of the tissue sample. MALDI imaging is able to characterize the spatial distribution of a wide array of biomolecules in a sample, in combination with histological features, without sacrificing the tissue integrity. In this review, we first provide an overview of GBM epidemiology, risk, and protective factors, as well as the recent WHO classification of CNS tumors. We then provide an overview of mass spectrometry workflow, with a focus on MALDI imaging, and recent advances in cancer research. Finally, we conclude the review with studies of GBM that utilized MALDI imaging and offer our perspective on future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45020055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T07:42:27Z","timestamp":1674114147000},"page":"838-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of High-Grade Gliomas: A Review of Recent Progress and Future Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alen","family":"Ron\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7555-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Koruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anamarija","family":"Soldo Koruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017deljko","family":"Debeljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ron\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajana","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domagoj","family":"Kreti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rotim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdravka","family":"Krivdi\u0107 Dupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Troha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vinkovci General Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Peri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Cytology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tihana","family":"\u0160imundi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grochans, S., Cybulska, A.M., Simi\u0144ska, D., Korbecki, J., Kojder, K., Chlubek, D., and Baranowska-Bosiacka, I. 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