{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T10:31:18Z","timestamp":1794047478375,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current therapies for autoimmune diseases are immunosuppressant agents, which have many debilitating side effects. However, dendritic cells (DCs) can induce antigen-specific tolerance. Tolerance restoration mediated by ex vivo-generated DCs can be a therapeutic approach. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the conceptual framework for developing ex vivo-generated DC strategies for autoimmune diseases. First, we will discuss the role of DCs in developing immune tolerance as a foundation for developing dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases. Then, we also discuss relevant findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies of ex vivo-generated DCs for therapy of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss problems and challenges in dendritic cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. Throughout the article, we discuss autoimmune diseases, emphasizing SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46050249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1714707826000},"page":"4035-4048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ex Vivo-Generated Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: Hope for a Definitive Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8564-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Jonny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Military Medicine, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 16810, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enda Cindylosa","family":"Sitepu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chairul A.","family":"Nidom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soetojo","family":"Wirjopranoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Ketut","family":"Sudiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif N. M.","family":"Ansori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terawan Agus","family":"Putranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Katsarou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. 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