{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:00:58Z","timestamp":1784001658571,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a cornerstone in the management of patients with hematological malignancies. Endothelial injury syndromes, such as HSCT-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA), veno-occlusive disease\/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS\/VOD), and capillary leak syndrome (CLS), constitute complications after HSCT. Moreover, endothelial damage is prevalent after immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) and can be manifested with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Our literature review aims to investigate the genetic susceptibility in endothelial injury syndromes after HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy. Variations in complement pathway- and endothelial function-related genes have been associated with the development of HSCT-TMA. In these genes, CFHR5, CFHR1, CFHR3, CFI, ADAMTS13, CFB, C3, C4, C5, and MASP1 are included. Thus, patients with these variations might have a predisposition to complement activation, which is also exaggerated by other factors (such as acute graft-versus-host disease, infections, and calcineurin inhibitors). Few studies have examined the genetic susceptibility to SOS\/VOD syndrome, and the implicated genes include CFH, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and heparinase. Finally, specific mutations have been associated with the onset of CRS (PFKFB4, CX3CR1) and ICANS (PPM1D, DNMT3A, TE2, ASXL1). More research is essential in this field to achieve better outcomes for our patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46050288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T11:26:17Z","timestamp":1715858777000},"page":"4787-4802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genetic Susceptibility in Endothelial Injury Syndromes after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Other Cellular Therapies: Climbing a Steep Hill"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paschalis","family":"Evangelidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0519-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Evangelidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7124-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kalmoukos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kourti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tragiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01691-w","article-title":"Indications for Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Haematological Diseases, Solid Tumours and Immune Disorders: Current Practice in Europe, 2022","volume":"57","author":"Snowden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hierlmeier, S., Eyrich, M., W\u00f6lfl, M., Schlegel, P.-G., and Wiegering, V. 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