{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:17:21Z","timestamp":1779164241613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program to Support the Improvement of the Production Conditions of the SNI and SNCA Members","award":["PRO-SNI 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRO-SNI 2022"]}]},{"name":"Program to Support the Improvement of the Production Conditions of the SNI and SNCA Members","award":["237086\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237086\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","award":["PRO-SNI 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRO-SNI 2022"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","award":["237086\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237086\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. One-third of the world\u2019s population has come into contact with this parasite. In Mexico, the prevalence is between 15% and 50% in the general population and 34.9% in women with high-risk pregnancies. In pregnancy, the highest incidence of infection occurs in the third trimester and fetal damage is inversely proportional to gestational age. Maternal hormones play a fundamental role in the immune response. There are very few studies, with controversial results, on the levels of increased hormones and their relationship to the kinetics of T. gondii infections during pregnancy. The aim was to determine the serum levels of 17-\u03b2 estradiol, prolactin, and progesterone, and their association with anti-T. gondii antibodies\u2019 kinetics in pregnancy. Fifty-two pregnant patients were studied. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical aspects was used. Afterward, 10 mL of venous blood was collected by venipuncture every trimester. The concentrations of 17-\u03b2 estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were measured, using the ELISA method. In addition, anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were also determined in the first, second, and third trimester. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 26.92% in the first and second trimester and 32.7% in the third trimester. In seropositive women, 17-\u03b2 estradiol increased in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Progesterone increased significantly p &lt; 0.039 in the third trimester in these women, while prolactin increased in the second trimester with a statistical significance of p &lt; 0.021. In addition, 17-\u03b2 estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin are associated with T. gondii infection during pregnancy. New studies are necessary to clarify the specific mechanisms of immune response related to these hormones during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46060341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T11:56:48Z","timestamp":1717761408000},"page":"5701-5711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Follow-Up Study of 17-\u03b2 Estradiol, Prolactin and Progesterone with the Kinetics and Prevalence of T. gondii Infection in Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Yithzel Guadalupe","family":"Luna Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9522-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Elizabet","family":"Camarena Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Roc\u00edo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Luz","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Galv\u00e1n-Ram\u00edrez, M.L., and Mondrag\u00f3n-Flores, R. 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