{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1791664384650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Campus Caborca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and carries virulence and resistance factors often found in mobilizable genetic elements, such as plasmids or pathogenicity islands (PAIs). UPEC is part of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), but hybrid strains possessing both diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and ExPEC traits, termed \u201chypervirulent\u201d, present a significant health threat. This study assessed the prevalence of UPEC PAIs, ExPEC sequence types (ST), DEC genes, carbapenemase and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes, resistance genotypes, and plasmids in 40 clinical isolates of UPEC. Results showed that 72.5% of isolates had PAIs, mainly PAI IV536 (53%). ESBL phenotypes were found in 65% of \u03b2-lactam-resistant isolates, with 100% of carbapenem-resistant isolates producing carbapenemase. The predominant ESBL gene was blaCTX-M-2 (60%), and the most common resistance gene in fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside-resistant isolates was aac(6\u2032)Ib (93%). Plasmids were present in 57% of isolates, and 70% belonged to the ST131 clonal group. Molecular markers for DEC pathotypes were detected in 20 isolates, with 60% classified as hybrid pathotypes. These findings indicate significant pathogenic potential and the presence of hybrid pathotypes in E. coli UTI clinical isolates in the Mexican population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46060353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T03:42:06Z","timestamp":1718682126000},"page":"5909-5928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Uropathogenic E. coli and Hybrid Pathotypes in Mexican Women with Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Molecular and Phenotypic Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Ballesteros-Monrreal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8627-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Mendez-Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Bolado-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo CP 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maritza Lizeth","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Ainza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo CP 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yessica","family":"Enciso-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita M. P.","family":"Arenas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla CP 72570, Pue, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsaida","family":"Diaz-Murrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Barrios-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3275-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dora","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-13","article-title":"Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"26","author":"Croxen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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