{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:57:18Z","timestamp":1789383438173,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022M711089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M711089"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["YQ2022H020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2022H020"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022M711089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M711089"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["YQ2022H020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2022H020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are pulmonary conditions that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The common etiologies of these conditions include pneumonia, pulmonary contusion, fat embolism, smoke inhalation, sepsis, shock, and acute pancreatitis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy are key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ALI. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules that can mitigate these pathogenic processes by modulating various signaling pathways, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)\/nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), extracellular signal-regulating protein kinase 1\/2 (ERK1\/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)\/protein kinase B (Akt)\/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB), thereby conferring protection against ALI. Given the limited clinical effectiveness of prevailing ALI treatments, investigation of the modulation of sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules (H2S and SO2) in ALI is imperative. This article presents an overview of the regulatory pathways of sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules in ALI animal models induced by various stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, gas inhalation, oleic acid, and ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, this study explored the therapeutic prospects of diverse H2S and SO2 donors for ALI, stemming from diverse etiologies. The aim of the present study was to establish a theoretical framework, in order to promote the new treatment of ALI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46070426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T09:23:08Z","timestamp":1720603388000},"page":"7147-7168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Unveiling the Potential of Sulfur-Containing Gas Signaling Molecules in Acute Lung Injury: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xutao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyou","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.7509706","article-title":"The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination","volume":"149","author":"Bernard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The berlin definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-1322","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15493.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and treating acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Nanchal","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1823","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Mortelliti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0169-z","article-title":"Management of acute lung injury\/ARDS","volume":"77","author":"Saharan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2454","article-title":"Distinct molecular phenotypes of direct vs indirect ards in single-center and multicenter studies","volume":"147","author":"Calfee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-018-0202-y","article-title":"Biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome and prospects for personalised medicine","volume":"16","author":"Spadaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-2-33","article-title":"Neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A summary of the current evidence from three randomized controlled trials","volume":"2","author":"Neto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2800","article-title":"Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: The blue protocol","volume":"134","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1608","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.12.25","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanical ventilation: Ups and downs of an ongoing relationship trap","volume":"8","author":"Seeberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L155","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00449.2016","article-title":"The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the protection against lung injury","volume":"312","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Qu, Y., Mao, C., Zhang, R., Jiang, D., and Sun, X. (2024). Post-translational modifications of keap1: The state of the art. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1332049"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0510-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: Its production, release and functions","volume":"41","author":"Kimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(56)90363-0","article-title":"Intermediary metabolism of L-cysteinesulfinic acid in animal tissues","volume":"61","author":"Singer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4005","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide in the mammalian cardiovascular system","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7058","article-title":"A review of hydrogen sulfide synthesis, metabolism, and measurement: Is modulation of hydrogen sulfide a novel therapeutic for cancer?","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2371","article-title":"A novel pathway for the production of hydrogen sulfide from d-cysteine in mammalian cells","volume":"4","author":"Shibuya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1636S","article-title":"The sulfur-containing amino acids: An overview","volume":"136","author":"Brosnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2021","article-title":"Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs","volume":"103","author":"Cirino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renieris, G., Droggiti, D.E., Katrini, K., Koufargyris, P., Gkavogianni, T., Karakike, E., Antonakos, N., Damoraki, G., Karageorgos, A., and Sabracos, L. (2021). Host cystathionine-\u03b3 lyase derived hydrogen sulfide protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. PLoS. Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009473"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.12.008","article-title":"The inhibitory role of hydrogen sulfide in airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"182","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2022.06.011","article-title":"Deficiency of cystathionine gamma-lyase promotes aortic elastolysis and medial degeneration in aged mice","volume":"171","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.44873","article-title":"Cystathionine-gamma-lyase inhibitor attenuates acute lung injury induced by acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"10","author":"Qu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20348","article-title":"Nitric oxide in paraquat-mediated toxicity: A review","volume":"24","author":"Fuentes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"438","article-title":"The effect of diallyl sulfide on the lung tissue of rats poisoned by paraquat","volume":"39","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(77)90020-3","article-title":"Genetic effects of bisulfite (sulfur dioxide)","volume":"39","author":"Shapiro","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000183393.83272.de","article-title":"Oxidative stress-dependent conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfite by activated neutrophils","volume":"24","author":"Mitsuhashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.012","article-title":"Endogenous generation of sulfur dioxide in rat tissues","volume":"415","author":"Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.11.014","article-title":"A review of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors: Chemistry and potential therapeutic applications","volume":"149","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18144-8_18","article-title":"Medicinal chemistry: Insights into the development of novel H2S donors","volume":"230","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2899","article-title":"The effect of hydrogen sulfide donors on lipopolysaccharide-induced formation of inflammatory mediators in macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Whiteman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magli, E., Perissutti, E., Santagada, V., Caliendo, G., Corvino, A., Esposito, G., Esposito, G., Fiorino, F., Migliaccio, M., and Scognamiglio, A. (2021). H2S donors and their use in medicinal chemistry. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121899"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.3.716S","article-title":"Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic","volume":"136","author":"Amagase","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60174a007","article-title":"Flavor components of garlic extract","volume":"19","author":"Brodnitz","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.10.019","article-title":"Atb-346, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drug, induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells and inhibits melanoma development in vivo","volume":"114","author":"Panza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08415.x","article-title":"Effect of hydrogen sulphide-donating sildenafil (ACS6) on erectile function and oxidative stress in rabbit isolated corpus cavernosum and in hypertensive rats","volume":"103","author":"Shukla","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-018-0590-0","article-title":"New no- and H2S-releasing doxorubicins as targeted therapy against chemoresistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer: In vitro and in vivo evaluations","volume":"36","author":"Bigagli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., and Wang, B. (2018). So2 donors and prodrugs, and their possible applications: A review. Front. Chem., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00559"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00500-w","article-title":"ISM1 suppresses LPS-induced acute lung injury and post-injury lung fibrosis in mice","volume":"28","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933672","article-title":"Pulmonary surfactant and bacterial lipopolysaccharide: The interaction and its functional consequences","volume":"66","author":"Kolomaznik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"199","article-title":"Role of hydrogen sulfide\/cystathionine-gamma-lyase system in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"289","article-title":"Role of endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide in acute lung injury induced by LPS in rats","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"485","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide on pulmonary surfactant in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysccharide","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Q., Wang, C., Zhang, N., Li, G., Zhang, M., Li, L., Zhang, Q., and Zhang, J. (2014). In vivo study of the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on lung mitochondria in acute lung injury in rats. BMC Anesthesiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-14-117"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondria of lung in rats with ali induced by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"29","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, J., Xiang, L., Yang, Z., Chen, L., Gu, J., Lu, K., Ma, D., Zhao, H., Yi, B., and Zhao, H. (2022). Methionine restriction prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via modulating CSE\/H2S pathway. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020322"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33101-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide limits neutrophil transmigration, inflammation, and oxidative burst in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury","volume":"8","author":"Faller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0684-4","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in acute lung injury","volume":"41","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1159\/000453210","article-title":"H2S attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by reducing oxidative\/nitrative stress and inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"6777","article-title":"Allicin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats via the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"666","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inhibits expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in rats","volume":"64","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.914114","article-title":"Allicin improves lung injury induced by sepsis via regulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)\/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)\/nuclear factor kappa b (NF-\u03baB) pathway","volume":"25","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-9912-2-26","article-title":"Inhaled hydrogen sulfide protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"2","author":"Faller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.081","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy through PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in mice","volume":"507","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"205","article-title":"Effect of diallyl trisulfide on tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and nuclear factor-KappaB activity in mice with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0466-4","article-title":"Effects of CCK-8 and Cystathionine \u03b3-Lyase\/Hydrogen Sulfide System on Acute Lung Injury in Rats","volume":"40","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"356","article-title":"Role of polymorphonuclear neutrophil in exogenous hydrogen sulfide attenuating endotoxin-induced acute lung injury","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"477","article-title":"Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in acute lung injury rat induced by lipopolysaccharides and its mechanism","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2018.12.004","article-title":"Gyy4137 attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via heme oxygenase-1 modulation","volume":"54","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2482","article-title":"Protective effects of hydrogen sulfide inhalation on oxidative stress in rats with cotton smoke inhalation-induced lung injury","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080021","article-title":"Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide in a murine model of acute lung injury induced by combined burn and smoke inhalation","volume":"115","author":"Esechie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00411.x","article-title":"Beneficial effect of a hydrogen sulphide donor (sodium sulphide) in an ovine model of burn- and smoke-induced acute lung injury","volume":"158","author":"Esechie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"573","article-title":"Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on hyperbaric hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a rat model","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2584-5","article-title":"Treatment with exogenous hydrogen sulfide attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319150006","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury by downregulating reactive oxygen species formation and angiopoietin-2 release","volume":"19","author":"Faller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823306cf","article-title":"Protective and Detrimental Effects of Sodium Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Murine Ventilator-induced Lung Injury","volume":"115","author":"Francis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20120809","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide donor regulates alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in rats with acute lung injury","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.012","article-title":"Regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide on alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with acute lung injury","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3181\/0712-RM-354","article-title":"Regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in the plasma and pulmonary tissue of rats with acute lung injury","volume":"233","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"3054","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide on the expressions of nuclear factor-\u03baB and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in pulmonary tissue of rats with acute lung injury","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"3476","article-title":"Effect of endogenous hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Yang, L., Li, L., and Fan, Z. (2021). NaHS Alleviated Cell Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Remote Lung Tissue after Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion via Nrf2 Activation-Mediated NLRP3 Pathway Inhibition. BioMed Res. Int., 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5598869"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.10.010","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates acute lung injury induced by infrarenal aortic cross-clamping by inhibiting inflammation and angiopoietin 2 release","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"410","article-title":"H2S protecting against lung injury following limb ischemia-reperfusion by alleviating inflammation and water transport abnormality in rats","volume":"27","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119192","article-title":"GYY4137 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting the PDGFR\u03b2\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway","volume":"271","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.147","article-title":"Endogeous sulfur dioxide protects against oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in association with inhibition of oxidative stress in rats","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-6-35","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide on inflammation in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis","volume":"6","author":"Sidhapuriwala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.12.003","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide attenuates ferroptosis and stimulates autophagy by blocking mTOR signaling in sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001828","article-title":"Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate during Resuscitation from Trauma-and-Hemorrhage in Cystathionine Gamma Lyase (CSE) Knockout Mice","volume":"57","author":"Hogg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104536","article-title":"Effects of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in swine with preexisting atherosclerosis","volume":"151","author":"Datzmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"499","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of exogenous sulfur dioxide on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.70","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via enhancing polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2019.89593","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats","volume":"44","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170274","article-title":"Sulphur dioxide suppresses inflammatory response by sulphenylating NF-\u03baB p65 at Cys38 in a rat model of acute lung injury","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"239","article-title":"Effects of sulfur dioxide on alveolar macrophage apoptosis in acute lung injury induced by limb ischemia\/reperfusion in rats","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109564","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide promotes osteogenesis by modulating macrophage polarization","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6577","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide mitigates myocardial infarction via promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis-dependent M2 polarization of macrophages","volume":"25","author":"Miao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105224","article-title":"Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms","volume":"163","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryter, S.W. (2022). Heme oxygenase-1: An anti-inflammatory effector in cardiovascular, lung, and related metabolic disorders. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030555"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0286-x","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt pathway-mediated HO-1 induction regulates mitochondrial quality control and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury","volume":"99","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6401","article-title":"Caspase-1-deficient mice have delayed neutrophil apoptosis and a prolonged inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury","volume":"169","author":"Rowe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2697","article-title":"Autophagy: Cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"221","author":"Glick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.07.005","article-title":"mTOR and autophagy in regulation of acute lung injury: A review and perspective","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.08.019","article-title":"The role of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway in the modulation of autophagy and the clearance of protein aggregates in neurodegeneration","volume":"26","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.048","article-title":"Endogenous hydrogen sulfide production is essential for dietary restriction benefits","volume":"160","author":"Hine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v13i5.17","article-title":"Oxidative stress in a rat model of cotton smoke inhalation-induced pulmonary injury","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"278","article-title":"Experimental study on combined treatment in smoke inhalation injury","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867311320090002","article-title":"The oxygen therapy","volume":"20","author":"Corsonello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01963","article-title":"Hyperoxic acute lung injury","volume":"58","author":"Kallet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.226840","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2425","article-title":"Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential","volume":"6","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199902)35:2<192::AID-AJIM11>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: Clarification of some controversial issues","volume":"35","author":"Milby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181de7107","article-title":"Inhaled hydrogen sulfide protects against ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"113","author":"Faller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260465","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/260465","article-title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Oleic Acid-Triggered Lung Injury and Inflammation","volume":"2015","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80284-5","article-title":"The inflammatory response to vascular surgery-associated ischaemia and reperfusion in man: Effect on postoperative pulmonary function","volume":"14","author":"Groeneveld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.022","article-title":"Therapeutic option for managing lung injury induced by infrarenal aortic cross-clamping","volume":"185","author":"Garbaisz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440701669959","article-title":"Paraquat poisonings: Mechanisms of lung toxicity, clinical features, and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Duarte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"274","article-title":"Inhibition of pulmonary nuclear factor-\u03baB and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 expression by diallyl sulfide in rats with paraquat poisoning","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e31806ec26","article-title":"Treatment with H2S-releasing diclofenac protects mice against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury","volume":"29","author":"Bhatia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"351","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced lung injury in unanesthetized sheep: Effect of methylprednisolone","volume":"8","author":"Demling","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circ. Shock"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-017-0131-8","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and resuscitated septic shock lead to the downregulation of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine-\u03b3-lyase in the porcine coronary artery","volume":"5","author":"Merz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014050","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H2S Levels: H2S Donors and H2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors","volume":"69","author":"Szabo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290105","article-title":"MAPK signal pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation in mammalian cells","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"153","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: Regulation and physiological functions","volume":"22","author":"Pearson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, P., Li, S., and Chen, H. (2021). Macrophages in lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020436"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Baardman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12993","article-title":"Resveratrol Stimulates Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Formation to Relax Murine Corpus Cavernosum","volume":"12","author":"Dereli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"7286958","article-title":"Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperlipidemia","volume":"2020","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21492","article-title":"Role of sulfur dioxide in acute lung injury following limb ischemia\/reperfusion in rats","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0418-z","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathways mediate the protection of SO2 against acute lung injury induced by limb ischemia\/reperfusion in rats","volume":"66","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"6339355","article-title":"Endogenous sulfur dioxide improves the survival rate of sepsis by improving the oxidative stress response during lung injury","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/46\/7\/426\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:11:24Z","timestamp":1760109084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/46\/7\/426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb46070426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46070426","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]}}}