{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:29:00Z","timestamp":1792319340238,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of skimmianine on cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion (IR) injury. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, Ischemia\u2013Reperfusion (IR), and IR + Skimmianine (40 mg\/kg Skimmianine). Cerebral ischemia was induced using a monofilament nylon suture to occlude the middle cerebral artery for 60 min. Following 23 h of reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed 14 days later. The effects of skimmianine on brain tissue post-IR injury were examined through biochemical and immunochemical analyses. In silico analysis using the Enrichr platform explored skimmianine\u2019s potential biological processes involving IBA-1, IL-6, and NF-\u03baB proteins. In the IR group, MDA levels increased, while SOD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. In the IR + Skimmianine group, skimmianine treatment resulted in decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and CAT activities. Significant increases in IBA-1 expression were observed in the IR group, which skimmianine treatment significantly reduced, modulating microglial activation. High levels of IL-6 expression were noted in pyramidal neurons, vascular structures, and neuroglial cells in the IR group; skimmianine treatment reduced IL-6 expression, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects. Increased NF-\u03baB expression was observed in neurons and blood vessels in the gray and white matter in the IR group; skimmianine treatment reduced NF-\u03baB expression. Gene Ontology results suggest skimmianine impacts immune and inflammatory responses via IBA-1 and IL-6, with potential effects on estrogen mechanisms mediated by NF-\u03baB. Skimmianine may be a potential therapeutic strategy due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral IR injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46070437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T16:55:36Z","timestamp":1721321736000},"page":"7373-7385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Skimmianine Showed Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Hayat","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6384-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u0131rat","family":"A\u015f\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu\u011fcan","family":"Korak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03201-2","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers of ischemic stroke","volume":"18","author":"Tirandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02362-9","article-title":"Methodological and reporting quality evaluation of Buyang Huanwu decoction for experimental cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury: A systematic review","volume":"396","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.11.027","article-title":"Mechanism of salvianolic acid B neuroprotection against ischemia\/reperfusion induced cerebral injury","volume":"1679","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L, L., X, W., and Z, Y. (2016). Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Brain: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biochem. Pharmacol. Open Access, 5.","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0501.1000213"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuriakose, D., and Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207609"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666221129100308","article-title":"The Role of Nrf2 in Relieving Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70313-6","article-title":"Neurological complications of acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Balami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke","volume":"5","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319949","article-title":"Cerebral Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Directions","volume":"130","author":"Girard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31179-X","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"396","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, T., Jiang, T., Huang, Z., Ma, H., and Wang, M. (2023). Role of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury:a review of the mechanism. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1220862"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ischemia-reperfusion injury: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1159\/000489241","article-title":"Current Mechanistic Concepts in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pretzsch, E., Nie\u00df, H., Ben Khaled, N., B\u00f6sch, F., Guba, M., Werner, J., Angele, M., and Chaudry, I.H. (2022). Molecular Mechanisms of Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury and Regeneration in the Liver-Shock and Surgery-Associated Changes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112942"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, R.O.S., Losada, D.M., Jordani, M.C., \u00c9vora, P., and Castro-E-Silva, O. (2019). Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury Revisited: An Overview of the Latest Pharmacological Strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205034"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, R., A Mohamed, G., and Nahab, F. (2021). Acute Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163677"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-1007-y","article-title":"Reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke: Dawn of a new era?","volume":"18","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xiao, G., He, S., Liu, X., Zhu, L., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Orgah, J., Feng, Y., and Wang, X. (2020). Protection against acute cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi via neuroinflammatory network mobilization. Biomed. Pharmacother., 125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109945"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1A0421-190R","article-title":"Interference with long noncoding RNA SNHG3 alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting microglial activation","volume":"111","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Przykaza, \u0141. (2021). Understanding the Connection Between Common Stroke Comorbidities, Their Associated Inflammation, and the Course of the Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Cascade. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.782569"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Q., He, Y., Zhou, H., Wan, H., and Yang, J. (2022). Formononetin protects against inflammation associated with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by targeting the JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother., 149.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112836"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109021","article-title":"Salvianolic acid C improves cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through suppressing microglial cell M1 polarization and promoting cerebral angiogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2023.02.009","article-title":"Curcumin protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: A meta-analysis and mechanism exploration","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591211007025","article-title":"Syringin protects against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via inhibiting neuroinflammation and TLR4 signaling","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-02005-x","article-title":"Noscapine alleviates cerebral damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"394","author":"Kawadkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2022_211118N1640","article-title":"Skimmianine as a novel therapeutic agent suppresses proliferation and migration of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via blocking the activation of ERK1\/2","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45354-2","article-title":"Skimmianine attenuates liver ischemia\/reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K\u2013AKT signaling pathway-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Huo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155475","article-title":"Synergistic effect of Betulinic acid, Apigenin and Skimmianine (BASk) in high cholesterol diet rabbit: Involvement of CD36-TLR2 signaling pathway","volume":"142","author":"Sabu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogunrinade, F.A., Iwuanyanwu, V.U., Sarker, S.D., and Olajide, O.A. (2023). Neuroprotection by Skimmianine in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV-2 Microglia. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031317"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.246","article-title":"Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Hopperton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16679671","article-title":"Thiamet G mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by modulating microglia\/macrophage polarization and inhibiting NF-\u03baB p65 signaling","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, R.-H., Wang, C.-Y., and Yang, C.-M. (2015). NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways in Neurological Inflammation: A Mini Review. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00077"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.23-0070","article-title":"Eriocalyxin B alleviated ischemic cerebral injury by limiting microglia-mediated excessive neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, H., Hu, S., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Xiong, X., Hu, X., Chen, J., and Qiu, S. (2022). Interleukins and Ischemic Stroke. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.828447"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00604","article-title":"Artesunate Provides Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia\u2013Reperfusion Injury via the TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB Pathway in Rats","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120975456","article-title":"Ephedrine attenuates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats through NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Ma, Y., Zhao, Y., Guo, N., Han, C., Wu, Q., Mu, C., Zhang, Y., Tan, S., and Zhang, J. (2024). Systematic review of melatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Critical role and therapeutic opportunities. Front. Pharmacol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1356112"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.11.002","article-title":"Urolithin B Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia\u2013reperfusion Injury by Modulating Nrf2-regulated Anti-oxidation in Rats","volume":"538","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0588-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of quinoline alkaloid skimmianine isolated from Ruta graveolens L","volume":"62","author":"Ratheesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153353","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with treatment of stepharine in rats","volume":"79","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electroacupuncture Attenuates Inflammation after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting NF-\u03baB-Mediated Activation of Microglia","volume":"2020","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Wu, C., and Du, G. (2019). Baicalein administered in the subacute phase ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury by reducing neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Biomed. Pharmacother., 117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109102"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"3836","article-title":"Protective effects of paeonol on subacute\/chronic brain injury during cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-69","article-title":"Inhibition of P2X7 receptor ameliorates transient global cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via modulating inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"2540","article-title":"miR-183 inhibits microglia activation and expression of inflammatory factors in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh316","article-title":"Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is crucial for the survival and pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.04.106","article-title":"Allograft inflammatory factor-1 stimulates chemokine production and induces chemotaxis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"448","author":"Kadoya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizondo, D.M., Andargie, T.E., Yang, D., Kacsinta, A.D., and Lipscomb, M.W. (2017). Inhibition of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 in Dendritic Cells Restrains CD4+ T Cell Effector Responses and Induces CD25+Foxp3+ T Regulatory Subsets. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01502"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Leon-Oliva, D., Garcia-Montero, C., Fraile-Martinez, O., Boaru, D.L., Garc\u00eda-Puente, L., Rios-Parra, A., Garrido-Gil, M.J., Casanova-Mart\u00edn, C., Garc\u00eda-Honduvilla, N., and Bujan, J. (2023). AIF1: Function and Connection with Inflammatory Diseases. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12050694"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109130","article-title":"Interleukin-6 cytokine: An overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach","volume":"111","author":"Aliyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.09.007","article-title":"Direct antioxidant and protective effect of estradiol on isolated mitochondria","volume":"1802","author":"Gambini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clusan, L., Ferri\u00e8re, F., Flouriot, G., and Pakdel, F. (2023). A Basic Review on Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076834"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1535","article-title":"Mechanisms of Estrogen Action","volume":"81","author":"Nilsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000471","article-title":"Production and Actions of Estrogens","volume":"346","author":"Gruber","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301067","article-title":"A Review and Update of Mechanisms of Estrogen in the Hippocampus and Amygdala for Anxiety and Depression Behavior","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01301-9","article-title":"Involvement of the G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-1 (GPER) Signaling Pathway in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review","volume":"43","author":"Upadhayay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46020102","article-title":"The Effects of Ellagic Acid on Experimental Corrosive Esophageal Burn Injury","volume":"46","author":"Ayaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowe, A.R., and Yue, W. (2019). Semi-quantitative Determination of Protein Expression Using Immunohistochemistry Staining and Analysis: An Integrated Protocol. Bio-Protocol, 9.","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3465"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"213","article-title":"Homeobox A Cluster 7 (HOXA7) protein expression increased in the placentas of patients with preterm delivery","volume":"31","year":"2023","journal-title":"P\u00e9rinat. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardou, P., Mariette, J., Escudi\u00e9, F., Djemiel, C., and Klopp, C. (2014). jvenn: An interactive Venn diagram viewer. BMC Bioinform., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-293"}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/46\/7\/437\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:15:53Z","timestamp":1760109353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/46\/7\/437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb46070437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46070437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]}}}