{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:54:25Z","timestamp":1792410865640,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), encompassing disorders like polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are characterized by clonal hematopoiesis without the Philadelphia chromosome. The JAK2 V617F mutation is prevalent in PV, ET, and PMF, while mutations in MPL and CALR also play significant roles. These conditions predispose patients to thrombotic events, with PMF exhibiting the lowest survival among MPNs. Chronic inflammation, driven by cytokine release from aberrant leukocytes and platelets, amplifies cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms, including atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. Additionally, MPN-related complications like pulmonary hypertension and cardiac fibrosis contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review consolidates recent research on MPNs\u2019 cardiovascular implications, emphasizing thrombotic risk, chronic inflammation, and vascular stiffness. Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving outcomes in MPN patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1722957856000},"page":"8407-8423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Mechanisms and Implications\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Samuel Bogdan","family":"Todor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9111-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Ichim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Boicean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9198-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo Gabriel","family":"Mihaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-579136","article-title":"Long-term survival and blast transformation in molecularly annotated essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis","volume":"124","author":"Tefferi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03480-8","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms: Myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"482","author":"Gianelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13019","article-title":"Incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms\u2014Trends by subgroup and age in a population-based study in Sweden","volume":"287","author":"Hultcrantz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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