{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:25:56Z","timestamp":1771626356694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Support for Research of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP 2022\/01614-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2022\/01614-1"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Support for Research of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP 2022\/11758-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2022\/11758-0"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Support for Research of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP 2022\/02480-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2022\/02480-9"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Support for Research of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP 2022\/12590-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2022\/12590-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been used for various applications; however, studies investigating the immunohistochemical characteristics of the inflammatory and scarring component in BC implanted in the peritoneum in vivo have not yet been fully described. This study aimed to evaluate the systemic and organic safety of BC through oxidative stress, blood, and serum biochemical markers, as well as the late inflammatory response in rats, using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Forty-three rats (26 males; 17 females) received BC in the peritoneal cavity (implanted group\u2014IG), while twenty-seven rats (12 males; 15 females) served as the control (sham group\u2014SG). Sixty days after surgery, oxidative stress in tissues, blood biochemical markers, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for lymphocytes, macrophages, collagen, and vascular response around the BC were assessed. Only one oxidative stress marker, glutathione peroxidase, was elevated in the liver of IG rats. Creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly lower in IG animals. Histopathological analysis showed granulomatous inflammation in 93% of IG rats, with 74% of mild intensity. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant macrophage presence (F4\/80), with CD3, CD20, and F4\/80 markers indicating differences favoring macrophages. In conclusion, BC implantation in the peritoneum induces a foreign body granulomatous response with prominent macrophage presence (F4\/80). Type I and III collagen were observed around the membrane, and vascularization was intense 60 days post-implantation. From a biochemical and oxidative stress perspective, BC seems to be a safe material to be used in the peritoneal cavity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46110697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T07:53:43Z","timestamp":1729583623000},"page":"11729-11748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial Cellulose Membrane Experimentally Implanted in the Peritoneum of Wistar Rats\u2014Inflammatory Immunoreactivity and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1923-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Oliveira","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bertolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3490-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha Lien","family":"de Almeida Ibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3345-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica Rodrigues","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8506-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Pessoa","family":"Onuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella Costa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Julia","family":"de Souza Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Gustavo","family":"Barbeito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Descriptive, Experimental and Comparative Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, La Plata 1900, CP, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Pinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Marilia 17525-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3763-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Faustino","family":"Jozala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Grotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandre","family":"Hataka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001273","article-title":"Nanocelluloses: A new family of nature-based materials","volume":"50","author":"Klemm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. 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