{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:49:46Z","timestamp":1785325786636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical &amp; Health Sciences University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal regeneration is a multifaceted therapeutic approach to restore the tooth-supporting structures lost due to periodontal diseases. This manuscript explores the intricate interactions between regenerative therapies and the oral microbiome, emphasizing the critical role of microbial balance in achieving long-term success. While guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone grafting, and soft tissue grafting offer promising outcomes in terms of tissue regeneration, these procedures can inadvertently alter the oral microbial ecosystem, potentially leading to dysbiosis or pathogenic recolonization. Different grafting materials, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts, influence microbial shifts, with variations in the healing timeline and microbial stabilization. Biologics and antimicrobials, such as enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), play a key role in promoting microbial homeostasis by supporting tissue repair and reducing pathogenic bacteria. Emerging strategies, such as enzyme-based therapies and antifouling materials, aim to disrupt biofilm formation and enhance the effectiveness of periodontal treatments. Understanding these microbial dynamics is essential for optimizing regenerative therapies and improving patient outcomes. The future of periodontal therapy lies in the development of advanced materials and strategies that not only restore lost tissues but also stabilize the oral microbiome, ultimately leading to long-term periodontal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46110724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T10:53:45Z","timestamp":1730285625000},"page":"12196-12213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Microbial Dynamics in Periodontal Regeneration: Understanding Microbiome Shifts and the Role of Antifouling and Bactericidal Materials: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada Tawfig","family":"Hashim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivan Padma","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallan CSK","family":"Chaitanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadi","family":"El Bahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Mustahsen","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakri Gobara","family":"Gismalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702231187645","article-title":"Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective","volume":"248","author":"Santacroce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. 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