{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1776117550903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017418","name":"Universidad de Especialidades Esp\u00edritu Santo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UEES 2023-MED-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UEES 2023-MED-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>E. coli pathotypes, which cause extra-intestinal infections, pose significant public health challenges, emphasizing the need for virulence gene surveillance to understand their dynamics. Key virulence genes have been identified in E. coli from Andean community countries, predominantly linked to human and animal sources. However, detailed data on virulence profiles from environmental and food sources remain limited. This study utilized an in silico approach to analyze 2402 whole-genome sequences from EnteroBase, known for associations with antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the isolates, 30% were classified as ExPEC, averaging 39 virulence genes per isolate, with adhesin-related genes being the most predominant. These findings were consistent across human, environmental, animal, and food samples. Human and animal isolates exhibited greater diversity in adhesin, secreted factors, and toxin genes compared to other sources, whereas food samples contained the fewest factors. ST449 isolates exhibited an average of 50 virulence genes per genome, with secreted factors and adhesins equally represented, while ST131, ST38, and ST10 carried around 40 genes, predominantly adhesins. Overall, the diversity and frequency of virulence genes exceeded prior reports in the region, highlighting the importance of monitoring these traits to identify emerging patterns in pathogenic E. coli strains frequently subjected to antibiotic exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47030169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T03:22:44Z","timestamp":1740972164000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Silico Detection of Virulence Genes in Whole-Genome Sequences of Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Documented in Countries of the Andean Community"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3185-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabila","family":"Aldaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-1152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Loaiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Foodborne Infections, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Marcelo","family":"Larrea-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5650-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava Anna","family":"\u0160efcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6795-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Larrea-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (2002\u20132017)","volume":"40","author":"Johnston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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