{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:44:39Z","timestamp":1791290679502,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo, Per\u00fa","award":["142-2022\/PD-USS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142-2022\/PD-USS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, characterized by multifactorial interactions involving genetic, inflammatory, and metabolic dysregulation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) plays a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis through neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neuroprotection. However, disruptions in IGF-I signaling have been implicated in hallmark AD processes such as beta-amyloid accumulation, glucose metabolism disturbances, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and neuronal death. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the mechanisms by which IGF-I influences AD pathology, emphasizing its potential as both an early detection biomarker and a therapeutic target. By synthesizing clinical and preclinical study findings, we explore how chronic stress, systemic inflammation, and lifestyle factors disrupt IGF-I pathways, accelerating cognitive and social impairments. Special attention is given to high-level cognitive processes, including executive functions and social cognition, which are particularly vulnerable to these disruptions. Highlighting the interplay between IGF-I, neuroinflammation, and stress, this work underscores the need for affordable and accessible diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of IGF-I\u2019s multifaceted role in AD, offering new insights for addressing the growing global burden of dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:11:40Z","timestamp":1743135100000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Impact on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Role in Inflammation, Stress, and Cognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Zegarra-Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2763-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Arana-Nombera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Perez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milagros","family":"del Roc\u00edo Casimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2779-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Gallegos-Manayay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Rosario Oliva-Piscoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyna","family":"Alamo-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2478-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Abanto-Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Celinda","family":"Cruz-Ordinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Paredes-Manrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica del Per\u00fa, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Chino-Vilca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). 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