{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:19:06Z","timestamp":1782897546278,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008108","name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCRD-TPE-114-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-114-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008108","name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCRD-TPE-113-20(2\/3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-113-20(2\/3)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tazarotene, a retinoid derivative, is widely used in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and acne. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for treating melanoma in situ. Its primary mechanism of action involves the selective activation of retinoic acid receptors (RAR-\u03b2 and RAR-\u03b3), which play important roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. By activating these receptors, tazarotene influences the expression of several downstream inducible genes, such as tazarotene-induced gene-1 (TIG1), TIG2, and TIG3. These genes play crucial roles in regulating melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of retinoid derivatives\u2014particularly tazarotene\u2014in melanoma treatment and the latest research regarding their molecular mechanisms. We will explore how tazarotene suppresses melanoma growth through gene regulation mechanisms and discuss its potential role in immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we assess the advantages and challenges of using tazarotene as a topical treatment and explore its future clinical applications. These studies contribute to a wider understanding of tazarotene\u2019s antitumor mechanisms, providing a solid theoretical foundation for its potential as a therapeutic option for melanoma in situ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T13:36:49Z","timestamp":1743169009000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring Potential Therapeutic Applications of Tazarotene: Gene Regulation Mechanisms and Effects on Melanoma Cell Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8708-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu-Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operation & Promotion Division, National Center for Biomodels, National Institutes of Applied Research, Taipei City 115, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4563-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Ming","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31559-9","article-title":"Melanoma","volume":"392","author":"Schadendorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.4900","article-title":"Risk of Death Due to Melanoma and Other Causes in Patients With Thin Cutaneous Melanomas","volume":"161","author":"Lo","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.057","article-title":"Melanoma in situ: Part II. 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