{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:07:36Z","timestamp":1791454056991,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":311,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation that primarily affects the joints but can also involve extra-articular organs. Its multifactorial etiology remains incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation into its underlying mechanisms. The primary therapeutic goal in RA management is to achieve disease remission or maintain low RA activity to prevent long-term morbidity. RA therapies aim to mitigate joint damage, reduce disability, and prevent systemic complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In addition to pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological interventions\u2014including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, regular exercise, and adherence to a balanced diet\u2014play a crucial role in managing the disease. Beyond joint inflammation, RA has been strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, contributing significantly to both morbidity and mortality. The link between RA and thrombotic events arises from a complex interplay of inflammatory pathways, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms driving the association between thrombo-inflammatory manifestations and the incidence of RA, the impact of RA treatment on thrombosis prevalence, and potential therapeutic strategies for managing both conditions concurrently. By integrating recent advancements in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology and thrombo-inflammatory research, this paper provides a comprehensive resource on the inflammatory link between RA and thrombosis while discussing and comparing current and emerging treatment approaches. Further investigation into these mechanisms could facilitate the development of targeted therapies that reduce the risk of thrombosis in patients with RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1745180656000},"page":"291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Inflammatory Link of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Thrombosis: Pathogenic Molecular Circuits and Treatment Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Theodora","family":"Adamantidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3108-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stavroula","family":"Pisioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2293-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Pitsouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatzikamari","family":"Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Departments, General Hospital of Kavala, St Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karamanis","family":"Georgios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Departments, General Hospital of Kavala, St Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Dania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Vordos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Laboratory, School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenophon","family":"Krokidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Departments, General Hospital of Kavala, St Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tsoupras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, St Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijkshoorn, B., Raadsen, R., and Nurmohamed, M.T. 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