{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:58:44Z","timestamp":1789768724348,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gal-3, also known as galectin-3, a lectin that binds \u03b2-galactosides, has gained attention as a novel biomarker and pathophysiological mediator in cardiovascular disease, where it contributes to inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic dysregulation and cardiac remodeling. This narrative review, developed following SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) guidelines, aims to integrate current clinical and experimental findings on gal-3 into the American Heart Association Life\u2019s Simple 7 (LS7) and Life\u2019s Essential 8 (LE8). By thematically organizing our review across modifiable domains of cardiovascular health, including glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, physical activity, blood pressure, diet, sleep, tobacco use, and body weight (BMI, body mass index), we highlight the role of gal-3 in linking environmental, behavioral and molecular risk factors to cardiometabolic outcomes. Particular attention is given to the oxidative stress, inflammatory\u2013fibrotic axis, and immune activation as mechanistic pathways underlying gal-3-associated cardiovascular damage. We also discuss its relevance to public health and prevention, considering gal-3\u2019s potential for early risk stratification, monitoring lifestyle interventions and personalized prevention strategies. This review bridges molecular mechanisms with clinical and public health relevance, particularly in the context of environmental and lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47050332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:54:43Z","timestamp":1746510883000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review Based on Life\u2019s Essential 8 and Life\u2019s Simple 7 Frameworks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Martuszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Specialist Hospital in Walbrzych, 58-309 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5701-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Paluszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Specialist Hospital in Walbrzych, 58-309 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Por\u0119ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Principles of Physical Activity, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ga\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, 50-981 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charkiewicz, A.E. 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