{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:21Z","timestamp":1760058921324,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project","award":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"]}]},{"name":"CSPFTZ Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform","award":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Research Center of the Hadal Biosphere","award":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24PJD042","RWS2024003","21ZR1427300","82173731"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematologic malignancy in the elderly with frequent relapse and poor prognosis. Limited treatments highlight the need for novel natural anticancer compounds. Adlay, valued for its medicinal and dietary properties, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, research on adlay hulls, particularly their anti-AML bioactive molecules, remains insufficient. This study evaluated the effects of adlay hull ethanol extract (AHE) on AML cell proliferation and apoptosis. AHE was extracted with ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, followed by silica gel chromatography. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the CCK-8 assay, and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The bioactive components were characterized by UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS. AHE-EA-C (ethyl acetate fraction C) inhibited AML cell proliferation, induced G0\/G1 phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis. It suppressed the PI3K\/Akt pathway by reducing PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Using UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS analysis, a total of 52 compounds with potential anti-AML activity were identified in AHE-EA-C, among which neohesperidin and cycloartanol have been previously reported to exhibit anti-AML activity and thus hold promise as candidates for further development as AML inhibitors. This study is the first to identify adlay hull bioactive components and their anti-AML mechanisms via PI3K\/Akt pathway inhibition, providing a foundation for developing natural anti-AML therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47050358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1747128408000},"page":"358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethanol Extract of Adlay Hulls Suppresses Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Proliferation via PI3K\/Akt Pathway Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Guangjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9160-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yamin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-Gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7009-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-Gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00108-3","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"401","author":"DiNardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: Reference and alternative scenarios for 2016\u201340 for 195 countries and 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