{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:54:30Z","timestamp":1790380470317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU\u2014National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Mission 4 Component 2\u2014Investment 1.5\u2014THE\u2014Tuscany Health Ecosystem","award":["ECS00000017\u2014CUP B83C22003920001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000017\u2014CUP B83C22003920001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis (EMS) is a long-term inflammatory disease. It represents one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions, impacting an estimated 5% of reproductive women. Therefore, endometriosis contributes to substantial worldwide health challenges and healthcare costs. In EMS disease, endometrial glandular and stromal tissues are abnormally located outside the uterus. Similarly to the natural endometrium, these tissues grow and proliferate in response to estrogen-dependent signals. The pain and limited effectiveness of treatments are often linked to the inflammatory reaction triggered by EMS-associated ectopic tissue. This is especially amplified during the peaks of estrogen release that occur as the menstrual cycle transitions from the proliferative phase to ovulation. Maintaining the integrity of the mucosal lining, defending against pathogenic insults, and controlling physiological processes are all made possible by a healthy, balanced state of gut biomass. Additionally, numerous intestinal bacteria have been discovered to possess estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, which affect the estrobolome and, consequently, influence estrogen-related disorders. Therefore, there is increasing interest in understanding the role of microbiota and the estrobolome in endometriosis pathogenesis. This review will focus on the role of microbiota and the impact of estrobolome alterations in endometriosis pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47070502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T05:28:28Z","timestamp":1751347708000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Unraveling the Contribution of Estrobolome Alterations to Endometriosis Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Nannini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7749-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amedeo","family":"Amedei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariadas, H., Chen, J.-H., and Chen, K.-H. 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