{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:23:02Z","timestamp":1785352982981,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["101036768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036768"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["NKFI K 132687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI K 132687"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["2023_675297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_675297"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["101036768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036768"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["NKFI K 132687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI K 132687"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["2023_675297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_675297"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office OTKA","award":["101036768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036768"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office OTKA","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office OTKA","award":["NKFI K 132687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI K 132687"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office OTKA","award":["2023_675297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_675297"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary","award":["101036768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036768"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary","award":["NKFI K 132687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI K 132687"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary","award":["2023_675297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_675297"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>P. aeruginosa strain NL201 was cultured from an urban water drain in a populated subway underpass as an environmental isolate for the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone. In addition to carrying generally present intrinsic P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance genes, this serotype O4 isolate also carries a set of additional acquired resistance determinants, including aadA2, blaOXA-10, sul1, and an aac(6\u2032)-Ib family gene. The NL201 isolate features the blaPDC-3 allele, which was found to confer significantly higher catalytic efficiency against cefepime and imipenem compared to blaPDC-1, as well as the potent P. aeruginosa virulence factors exoS, exoT, and algD. Serotype O4 isolates of the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone have been reported from clinical samples in Canada and the USA, human stool samples in France, and environmental samples (such as cosmetic, hospital drains, and urban water drain) from various European countries. These observations underscore the effective dissemination of the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone between different hosts, environments, and habitats, and they warrant targeted investigations from a One Health perspective on the possible routes of its spread and molecular evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47070532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:26:37Z","timestamp":1752233197000},"page":"532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of the ST111 Global High-Risk Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clone in a Subway Underpass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Libisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2823-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chioma Lilian","family":"Ozoaduche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"Sustainable Environment Development Initiative (SEDI), Benin City 300102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Kereszt\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anniek","family":"Bus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anitom BV, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Van Limbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anitom BV, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2790-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katalin","family":"Posta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"Olasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00268.x","article-title":"Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: The role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance","volume":"35","author":"Woodford","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-05010-7","article-title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 111","volume":"44","author":"Matsumara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5644","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5644-5649.2004","article-title":"Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"42","author":"Curran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00817-06","article-title":"Establishing clonal relationships by multilocus sequence typing between VIM-1-like metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from four European countries","volume":"44","author":"Giske","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2007.12.008","article-title":"Molecular typing indicates an important role for two international clonal complexes in dissemination of VIM-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in Hungary","volume":"159","author":"Libisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00483.x","article-title":"Identification of PER-1 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates of the international clonal complex CC11 from Hungary and Serbia","volume":"54","author":"Libisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-008-9285-7","article-title":"Identification of two multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clonal lineages with a countrywide distribution in Hungary","volume":"58","author":"Libisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Filippis, I., and McKee, M. (2013). Molecular Typing Methods for the Genus Pseudomonas. Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. Infectious Disease, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-185-1"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6349","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01388-12","article-title":"Genetic markers of widespread extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones","volume":"56","author":"Cabot","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5527","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01481-13","article-title":"Biological markers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic high-risk clones","volume":"57","author":"Mulet","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106196","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic high-risk clones and their association with horizontally-acquired \u03b2-lactamases: 2020 update","volume":"56","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01396-15","article-title":"The widespread multidrug-resistant serotype O12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone emerged through concomitant horizontal transfer of serotype antigen and antibiotic resistance gene clusters","volume":"6","author":"Thrane","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00320-18","article-title":"Evolution of antibiotic resistance in biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations exposed to subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin","volume":"62","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0004","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and multidrug resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Bulgarian hospitals","volume":"19","author":"Mulet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocsis, B., Guly\u00e1s, D., and Szab\u00f3, D. (2021). Diversity and distribution of resistance markers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa international high-risk clones. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020359"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuzi, M. (2025). The fitness connection of antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1556656"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00696-4","article-title":"Genomic virulence markers are associated with severe outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection","volume":"4","author":"Valik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secker, B., Shaw, S., Hobley, L., and Atterbury, R.J. (2025). Genomic and phenotypic characterisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from canine otitis externa reveals high-risk sequence types identical to those found in human nosocomial infections. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526843"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomino-Kobayashi, L.A., Zavalaga, C., Irigoin-Lovera, C., Gonzales-DelCarpio, D., Ego\u00e1vil-Espejo, R., Borges-Barbosa, F., Pons, M.J., and Ruiz, J. (EcoHealth, 2025). Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Guanay Cormorants on Is. Pescadores, Peru, EcoHealth, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-025-01712-2"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"ovaf028","article-title":"Global epidemiology of high priority and pandemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pets, livestock, wild, and aquatic animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"LAM"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombardi, A., Cornacchia, A., Borriello, T., Maccauro, M.L., Nardo, A., Bosica, S., Serena, F., Mattia, T., Eugenio, T., and Ida, P. (SSRN, 2025). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Investigation in Water Samples of Campania Region, Southern Italy, SSRN, preprint.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5207078"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3576-3578.2004","article-title":"Isolation of an integron-borne blaVIM-4 type metallo-\u03b2-lactamase gene from a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Hungary","volume":"48","author":"Libisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00300-06","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of VIM-4 metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas sp. isolates in Hungary","volume":"50","author":"Libisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.10.008","article-title":"ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS). Metallo-\u03b2-lactamases as emerging resistance determinants in Gram-negative pathogens: Open issues","volume":"29","author":"Cornaglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic attributes from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of free-living wild boars in Hungary","volume":"16","author":"Libisch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"EUCAST (2025, February 06). European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters, Version 15.0, Valid from 1 January 2025. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlae136.023","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae136.023","article-title":"P19 Impact of the introduction of the EUCAST 2020 susceptibility interpretation rules for Pseudomonas aeruginosa on selection of antibiotic therapy","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"e00276-21","article-title":"Update from the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST)","volume":"60","author":"Giske","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00349-16","article-title":"Application of Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for O-Specific Antigen Analysis and In Silico Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates","volume":"54","author":"Thrane","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Micobiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausen, P.T.L.C., Aarestrup, F.M., and Lund, O. (2018). Rapid and precise alignment of raw reads against redundant databases with KMA. BMC Bioinform., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2336-6"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Seemann, T. (2024, September 01). ABRicate: Mass Screening of Contigs for Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/abricate."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libisch, B., Abdulkadir, S., Kereszt\u00e9ny, T., Papp, P.P., Olasz, F., F\u00e9bel, H., S\u00e1ndor, Z.J., Rasschaert, G., Lambrecht, E., and Heyndrickx, M. (2022). Detection of acquired antibiotic resistance genes in domestic pig (Sus scrofa) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) intestinal samples by metagenomics analyses in Hungary. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101441"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa390","article-title":"Detection of mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica using a newly developed web tool: MobileElementFinder","volume":"76","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Koutsoumanis, K., Allende, A., Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, A., Bolton, D., Bover-Cid, S., Chemaly, M., De Cesare, A., Hilbert, F., and Lindqvist, R. (2023). Statement on how to interpret the QPS qualification on \u2018acquired antimicrobial resistance genes\u2019. EFSA J., 21, e08323.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8323"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki008","article-title":"VFDB: A reference database for bacterial virulence factors","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-13-3-572","article-title":"Genetic recombination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"13","author":"Holloway","year":"1955","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/35023079","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen","volume":"406","author":"Stover","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00595-18","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic diversity among ten laboratory isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"201","author":"Chandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baykal, P.I., \u0141abaj, P.P., Markowetz, F., Schriml, L.M., Stekhoven, D.J., Mangul, S., and Beerenwinkel, N. (2024). Genomic reproducibility in the bioinformatics era. Genome Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03343-2"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozoaduche, C.L., Libisch, B., Itoro, D., Idemudia, I.B., Posta, K., and Olasz, F. (2025). Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Cultured from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Environmental Samples. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030688"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu088","article-title":"Automated reconstruction of whole-genome phylogenies from short-sequence reads","volume":"31","author":"Bertels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"72","article-title":"The characterization of genome sequences diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from international reference panel using wide range of in silico techniques","volume":"18","author":"Gmiter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Lodz. Folia Biol. Oecol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01796-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01796-15","article-title":"Phylogenetic Distribution of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"6","author":"Soriaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2002.00321.x","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays an epidemic population structure","volume":"4","author":"Pirnay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39416-2","article-title":"Mixed strain pathogen populations accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in patients","volume":"14","author":"Wheatley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02696-20","article-title":"Gene-gene interactions dictate ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and facilitate prediction of resistance phenotype from genome sequence data","volume":"65","author":"Rehman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koderi Valappil, S., Shetty, P., Deim, Z., Terhes, G., Urb\u00e1n, E., V\u00e1czi, S., Patai, R., Polg\u00e1r, T., Pertics, B.Z., and Schneider, G. (2021). Survival comes at a cost: A coevolution of phage and its host leads to phage resistance and antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug resistant strains. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.783722"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2023.05.017","article-title":"Investigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa population structure and frequency of cross-infection in UK cystic fibrosis clinics-a reference laboratory perspective","volume":"22","author":"Kenna","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04994-6","article-title":"In-vitro activity of the novel \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates collected in Switzerland in 2022","volume":"44","author":"Bouvier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.08.022","article-title":"Five-year VIM-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in four Belgian ICUs, an investigation report (2019\u20132023)","volume":"52","author":"Moretti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2024.0226","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: Isolation of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Waste-Water Sample Collected from a Greek University Hospital","volume":"31","author":"Gagaletsios","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"e000276","article-title":"Not all Pseudomonas aeruginosa are equal: Strains from industrial sources possess uniquely large multireplicon genomes","volume":"5","author":"Weiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00ednez, J., Rocha-Gracia, R.D.C., Bello-L\u00f3pez, E., Cevallos, M.A., Casta\u00f1eda-Lucio, M., S\u00e1enz, Y., Jim\u00e9nez-Flores, G., Cort\u00e9s-Cort\u00e9s, G., L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda, A., and Lozano-Zarain, P. (2023). Comparative Genomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Ecological Niches. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050866"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04750-w","article-title":"Population-based genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bloodstream infections in a large Canadian health region","volume":"43","author":"Peirano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00091-23","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00091-23","article-title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing of 11 High-Risk Clone ST111 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from French Hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Anbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"an der Zee, A., Kraak, W.B., Burggraaf, A., Goessens, W.H.F., Pirovano, W., Ossewaarde, J.M., and Tommassen, J. (2018). Spread of Carbapenem Resistance by Transposition and Conjugation Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02057"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13598.x","article-title":"Characterisation of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase determinant found in the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"175","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01410-08","article-title":"Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"53","author":"Poirel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2043-2048.2004","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of the naturally occurring oxacillinase OXA-50 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"48","author":"Girlich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00773-21","article-title":"CrpP is not a fluoroquinolone-inactivating enzyme","volume":"65","author":"Zubyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00649-y","article-title":"Genomic surveillance for antimicrobial resistance\u2014A One Health perspective","volume":"25","author":"Djordjevic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libisch, B. (2024). N-Alkane Assimilation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Interactions with Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111028"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114176","article-title":"Metagenomic characterization of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes found in the mass transit system in Seoul, South Korea","volume":"246","author":"Guevarra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.002","article-title":"A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"184","author":"Danko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2504-1","article-title":"Landscape of global urban environmental resistome and its association with local socioeconomic and medical status. Science China","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00477-5","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.56.2009.4.9","article-title":"Virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants of human pathogenic and commensal strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"56","author":"Szmolka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09603129773733","article-title":"Influence of hydrocarbons on the virulence and antibiotic sensitivity associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"7","author":"Asthana","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.1999.00052.x","article-title":"Environmental and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa show pathogenic and biodegradative properties irrespective of their origin","volume":"1","author":"Alonso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2184348","article-title":"The contributions of multidrug resistant clones to the success of pandemic extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"21","author":"Pitout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.8.2535-2542.2001","article-title":"Efficiency of recombination reactions catalyzed by class 1 integron integrase IntI1","volume":"183","author":"Collis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07212-11","article-title":"Characterization of airborne bacteria at an underground subway station","volume":"78","author":"Dybwad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung, M.H.Y., Tong, X., B\u00f8ifot, K.O., Bezdan, D., Butler, D.J., Danko, D.C., Gohli, J., Green, D.C., Hernandez, M.T., and Kelly, F.J. (2021). Characterization of the public transit air microbiome and resistome reveals geographical specificity. Microbiome, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01044-7"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10062412","article-title":"Characteristics of antibiotic resistance of airborne Staphylococcus isolated from metro stations","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akter, T., Stapleton, F., Green, M., and Willcox, M. (Contact Lens Anterior Eye, 2025). Association between disinfectant resistance genes in exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sensitivity to multipurpose disinfecting solutions and antibiotics, Contact Lens Anterior Eye, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102436"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e129","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in livestock, environment and humans: One Health perspective","volume":"66","author":"Pandey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2024.104895","article-title":"Environment, animals, and food as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for humans: One health or more?","volume":"54","author":"Martak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Now."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/47\/7\/532\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:07:17Z","timestamp":1760033237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/47\/7\/532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb47070532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb47070532","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}}}